ReviewSleep medicine reviews2014
Obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive impairment: addressing the blood-brain barrier.
Review in Sleep medicine reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02325687 (A Pilot Study of Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study of Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): Is There a Correlation Between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Markers of Inflammation in OSA?
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing With Cognitive Function and Risk of Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA neurology · 2017Pooled it
- Paroxysmal slow wave events are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Trial
- Obstructive sleep apnoea in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a sub-study of the idiopathic intracranial hypertension weight randomised controlled trial (IIH: WT).Journal of neurology · 2022Trial
- Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea.Medical gas research · 2027Review
- The Mind From Within: Visceral Roots of Human Cognition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Intermittent Hypoxia Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neurobehavioral Abnormalities: The Role of Neuroinflammation and Synaptic-Related Proteins.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Instability in sleep architecture and intermittent hypoxia underlie cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Cortical thinning with increasing OSA severity stages in adult comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea and its relevance for respiration measures.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- White Matter Hyperintensity Burden and Short-Interval Change Associated With Sleep Apnoea in the UK Biobank.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective role of NRF2 activation against ER Stress-Mediated apoptosis in obstructive sleep apnea.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Investigating the causal role of sleep disorders in anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Article
- Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Recovery in Athletes: BMI and Neck Circumference and Their Impact on Recovery Capacity and Injury Risk.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Aberrant brain functional network in COPD patients with cognitive impairment: clinical manifestations, mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- The Global Burden of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) · 2025Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Increasing data support a connection between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive impairment but a causal link has yet to be established. Although neuronal loss has been linked to cognitive impairment, emerging theories propose that changes in synaptic plasticity can cause cognitive impairment. Studies demonstrate that disruption to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is uniquely structured to tightly maintain homeostasis inside the brain, leads to changes in the brain's microenvironment and affects synaptic plasticity. Cyclical intermittent hypoxia is a stressor that could disrupt the BBB via molecular responses already known to occur in either OSA patients or animal models of intermittent hypoxia. However, we do not yet know if or how intermittent hypoxia can cause cognitive impairment by mechanisms operating at the BBB. Therefore, we propose that initially, adaptive homeostatic responses at the BBB occur in response to increased oxygen and nutrient demand, specifically through regulation of influx and efflux BBB transporters that alter microvessel permeability. We further hypothesize that although these responses are initially adaptive, these changes in BBB transporters can have long-term consequences that disrupt the brain's microenvironment and alter synaptic plasticity leading to cognitive impairment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.