Trial reportPublic health nutrition2013
School snacks decrease morbidity in Kenyan schoolchildren: a cluster randomized, controlled feeding intervention trial.
Trial report in Public health nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Terrestrial Animal Source Foods and Health Outcomes for Those with Special Nutrient Needs in the Life Course.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Impacts of school feeding on educational and health outcomes of school-age children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2021Pooled it
- Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- High-nutrition biscuits to increase animal protein in diets of HIV-infected Kenyan women and their children: a study in progress.Food and nutrition bulletin · 2014Trial
- Food security at risk: the consequences of limiting animal source foods.Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture · 2025Article
- The role of livestock products for nutrition in the first 1,000 days of life.Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture · 2019Article
- Vitamin A deficiency is associated with gastrointestinal and respiratory morbidity in school-age children.The Journal of nutrition · 2014Observational
- Making nutrition work for development.Public health nutrition · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the effects of three different school snacks on morbidity outcomes.
designTwelve schools were randomized to either one of three feeding groups or a Control group. There were three schools per group in this cluster randomized trial. Children in feeding group schools received school snacks of a local plant-based dish, githeri, with meat, milk or extra oil added. The oil used was later found to be fortified with retinol. Physical status, food intake and morbidity outcomes were assessed longitudinally over two years.
settingRural Embu District, Kenya, an area with high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. SUBJECTS: Standard 1 schoolchildren (n 902; analytic sample) enrolled in two cohorts from the same schools one year apart.
resultsThe Meat and Plain Githeri (i.e. githeri+oil) groups showed the greatest declines in the probability of a morbidity outcome (PMO) for total and severe illnesses, malaria, poor appetite, reduced activity, fever and chills. The Meat group showed significantly greater declines in PMO for gastroenteritis (mainly diarrhoea) and typhoid compared with the Control group, for jaundice compared with the Plain Githeri group, and for skin infection compared with the Milk group. The Milk group showed the greatest decline in PMO for upper respiratory infection. For nearly all morbidity outcomes the Control group had the highest PMO and the least decline over time.
conclusionsThe intervention study showed beneficial effects of both animal source foods and of vitamin A-fortified oil on morbidity status.
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