ArticleMalaria journal2013
Genetic diversity and signatures of selection of drug resistance in Plasmodium populations from both human and mosquito hosts in continental Equatorial Guinea.
Article in Malaria journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing fitness costs in malaria parasites: a comprehensive review and implications for drug resistance management.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Genetic diversity and structure of Oncomelania hupensis snails in an area where Schistosoma japonicum transmission has been interrupted for nearly 30 years.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Tracking antimalarial drug resistance using mosquito blood meals: a cross-sectional study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Article
- Distinct Allelic Diversity ofJournal of tropical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Temporal trends in molecular markers of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in human blood and profiles of corresponding resistant markers in mosquito oocysts in Asembo, western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Confirmation of the absence of local transmission and geographic assignment of imported falciparum malaria cases to China using microsatellite panel.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- High prevalence of Pfdhfr-Pfdhps quadruple mutations associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.Malaria journal · 2019Article
- Transmission of molecularly undetectable circulating parasite clones leads to high infection complexity in mosquitoes post feeding.International journal for parasitology · 2018Article
- Malaria determining risk factors at the household level in two rural villages of mainland Equatorial Guinea.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Comparative Prevalence ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Return of chloroquine sensitivity to Africa? Surveillance of African Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance through malaria imported to China.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Geographic strain differentiation of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines using microsatellite markers.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Diversity in Continental Equatorial Guinea before and after Introduction of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Carriage of Mutant Dihydrofolate Reductase and Dihydropteroate Synthase Genes among Plasmodium falciparum Isolates Recovered from Pregnant Women with Asymptomatic Infection in Lagos, Nigeria.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2015Article
- Analysis of polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum genes related to drug resistance: a survey over four decades under different treatment policies in Brazil.Malaria journal · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Plasmodium, the high level of genetic diversity and the interactions established by co-infecting parasite populations within the same host may be a source of selection on pathogen virulence and drug resistance. As different patterns have already been described in humans and mosquitoes, parasite diversity and population structure should be studied in both hosts to properly assess their effects on infection and transmission dynamics. This study aimed to characterize the circulating populations of Plasmodium spp and Plasmodium falciparum from a combined set of human blood and mosquito samples gathered in mainland Equatorial Guinea. Further, the origin and evolution of anti-malarial resistance in this area, where malaria remains a major public health problem were traced.
methodsPlasmodium species infecting humans and mosquitoes were identified by nested-PCR of chelex-extracted DNA from dried blood spot samples and mosquitoes. Analysis of Pfmsp2 gene, anti-malarial-resistance associated genes, Pfdhps, Pfdhfr, Pfcrt and Pfmdr1, neutral microsatellites (STR) loci and Pfdhfr and Pfdhps flanking STR was undertaken to evaluate P. falciparum diversity.
resultsPrevalence of infection remains high in mainland Equatorial Guinea. No differences in parasite formula or significant genetic differentiation were seen in the parasite populations in both human and mosquito samples. Point mutations in all genes associated with anti-malarial resistance were highly prevalent. A high prevalence was observed for the Pfdhfr triple mutant in particular, associated with pyrimethamine resistance.Analysis of Pfdhps and Pfdhfr flanking STR revealed a decrease in the genetic diversity. This finding along with multiple independent introductions of Pfdhps mutant haplotypes suggest a soft selective sweep and an increased differentiation at Pfdhfr flanking microsatellites hints a model of positive directional selection for this gene.
conclusionsChloroquine is no longer recommended for malaria treatment in Equatorial Guinea but sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) remains in use in combination with artesunate and is the only drug recommended in preventive chemotherapy in pregnancy. The high prevalence of point mutations in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps points to the danger of an eventual reduction in the efficacy of SP combined therapy in P. falciparum populations in Equatorial Guinea and to the essential continuous monitoring of these two genes.
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