ArticlePloS one2013
Incidence and predictors of hospitalization for bacterial infection in community-based patients with type 2 diabetes: the fremantle diabetes study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and incidence of infections among people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Data Linkage Publications on Diabetes in Australia.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A narrative review of what cohorts have taught us and how they have laid the foundation for much of our understanding of type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Impact of Statin Therapy on Clinical Outcomes of Patients Hospitalised with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on hospital outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Activated oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L pathway promotes endothelial pyroptosis and impairs diabetic wound healing via thioredoxin-interacting protein mMolecular biomedicine · 2025Article
- Glucose tasting depletes intracellular calcium stores and impairs macrophage functionality.iScience · 2025Article
- Effects of Elevated Glucose on Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Airway Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The impact of diabetes mellitus on blood-tissue barrier regulation and vascular complications: Is the lung different from other organs?Tissue barriers · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and microbial signatures in the lower airways of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with pneumonia.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Review
- Diagnostic utility of procalcitonin for bacterial infections in diabetic ketoacidosis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- A Longitudinal Clinical Trajectory Analysis Examining the Accumulation of Co-morbidity in People with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Compared with Non-T2D Individuals.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
- The nutrition and immunity (nutrIMM) study: protocol for a non-randomized, four-arm parallel-group, controlled feeding trial investigating immune function in obesity and type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Sex-Related Disparities in the Incidence and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis Using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database for the Period 2016-2019.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- A New Prognostic Index PDPI for the Risk of Pneumonia Among Patients With Diabetes.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Incidence and outcomes of hospitalization for community-acquired, ventilator-associated and non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonias in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Observational
- Adverse Drug Reaction Profile of SGLT2 Inhibitor-Associated Diabetic Ketosis/Ketoacidosis in Singapore and their Precipitating Factors.Clinical drug investigation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe few studies that have examined the relationship between diabetes and bacterial infections have utilized administrative databases and/or have had limited/incomplete data including recognized infection risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and associates of bacterial infection severe enough to require hospitalization in well-characterized community-based patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND
findingsWe studied a cohort of 1,294 patients (mean±SD age 64.1±11.3 years) from the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (FDS1) and 5,156 age-, gender- and zip-code-matched non-diabetic controls. The main outcome measure was incident hospitalization for bacterial infection as principal diagnosis between 1993 and 2010. We also examined differences in statin use in 52 FDS1 pairs hospitalized with pneumonia (cases) or a contemporaneous non-infection-related cause (controls). During 12.0±5.4 years of follow-up, 251 (19.4%) patients were hospitalized on 368 occasions for infection (23.7/1,000 patient-years). This was more than double the rate in matched controls (incident rate ratio (IRR) (95% CI), 2.13 (1.88-2.42), P<0.001). IRRs for pneumonia, cellulitis, and septicemia/bacteremia were 1.86 (1.55-2.21), 2.45 (1.92-3.12), and 2.08 (1.41-3.04), respectively (P<0.001). Among the diabetic patients, older age, male sex, prior recent infection-related hospitalization, obesity, albuminuria, retinopathy and Aboriginal ethnicity were baseline variables independently associated with risk of first hospitalization with any infection (P≤0.005). After adjustment for these variables, baseline statin treatment was not significant (hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.70 (0.39-1.25), P = 0.22). Statin use at hospitalization for pneumonia among the case-control pairs was similar (23.1% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.27).
conclusionsThe risk of severe infection is increased among type 2 diabetic patients and is not reduced by statin therapy. There are a number of other easily-accessible sociodemographic and clinical variables that could be used to optimize infection-related education, prevention and management in type 2 diabetes.
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