ArticlePloS one2013
Live cell imaging of germination and outgrowth of individual bacillus subtilis spores; the effect of heat stress quantitatively analyzed with SporeTracker.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nutrient-induced germination of Bacillus subtilis spores exhibiting shared metabolic profiles in both TSB and AGFK media.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Early activation of bioenergetic metabolism powers bacterial spore germination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Structural and functional analysis ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Sporulation at reduced water activity impairs germination kinetics ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Attention-driven UNet enhancement for accurate segmentation of bacterial spore outgrowth in microscopy images.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Influence of Sporulation Temperature on Germination and Growth ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- The Cdc42 GAP Rga6 promotes monopolar outgrowth of spores.The Journal of cell biology · 2023Article
- Cryptosporulation in Kurthia spp. forces a rethinking of asporogenesis in Firmicutes.Environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Electrochemical potential enables dormant spores to integrate environmental signals.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Genomic versus Plasmid-Borne Expression of Germinant Receptor Proteins in Bacillus cereus Strain 14579Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Organization and dynamics of the SpoVAEa protein and its surrounding inner membrane lipids, upon germination of Bacillus subtilis spores.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Heat Activation and Inactivation of Bacterial Spores: Is There an Overlap?Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Dynamics of Germinosome Formation and FRET-Based Analysis of Interactions between GerD and Germinant Receptor Subunits inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- High Resolution Analysis of Proteome Dynamics duringInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Strain-Dependent Cheese Spoilage Potential ofMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Chromosome segregation in B. subtilis is highly heterogeneous.BMC research notes · 2020Article
- Article
- Integrative Analysis of Proteome and Transcriptome Dynamics during Bacillus subtilis Spore Revival.mSphere · 2020Article
- Visualization of Germination Proteins in PutativeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spore-forming bacteria are a special problem for the food industry as some of them are able to survive preservation processes. Bacillus spp. spores can remain in a dormant, stress resistant state for a long period of time. Vegetative cells are formed by germination of spores followed by a more extended outgrowth phase. Spore germination and outgrowth progression are often very heterogeneous and therefore, predictions of microbial stability of food products are exceedingly difficult. Mechanistic details of the cause of this heterogeneity are necessary. In order to examine spore heterogeneity we made a novel closed air-containing chamber for live imaging. This chamber was used to analyze Bacillus subtilis spore germination, outgrowth, as well as subsequent vegetative growth. Typically, we examined around 90 starting spores/cells for ≥4 hours per experiment. Image analysis with the purposely built program "SporeTracker" allows for automated data processing from germination to outgrowth and vegetative doubling. In order to check the efficiency of the chamber, growth and division of B. subtilis vegetative cells were monitored. The observed generation times of vegetative cells were comparable to those obtained in well-aerated shake flask cultures. The influence of a heat stress of 85°C for 10 min on germination, outgrowth, and subsequent vegetative growth was investigated in detail. Compared to control samples fewer spores germinated (41.1% less) and fewer grew out (48.4% less) after the treatment. The heat treatment had a significant influence on the average time to the start of germination (increased) and the distribution and average of the duration of germination itself (increased). However, the distribution and the mean outgrowth time and the generation time of vegetative cells, emerging from untreated and thermally injured spores, were similar.
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