ArticleMolecular cancer therapeutics2013
Endothelial cells enhance prostate cancer metastasis via IL-6→androgen receptor→TGF-β→MMP-9 signals.
Article in Molecular cancer therapeutics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiparameter diagnostic model using S100A9, CCL5 and blood biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role and mechanisms of exosome microRNA in regulating metastasis within the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of the potential biological significance of CCL5 in pan-cancer prognosis and immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Magnetically Integrated Tumor-Vascular Interface System to Mimic Pro-angiogenic Endothelial Dysregulations for On-Chip Drug Testing.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- An 18-gene signature of recurrence-associated endothelial cells predicts tumor progression and castration resistance in prostate cancer.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Transcending frontiers in prostate cancer: the role of oncometabolites on epigenetic regulation, CSCs, and tumor microenvironment to identify new therapeutic strategies.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Molecular landscape for risk prediction and personalized therapeutics of castration-resistant prostate cancer: at a glance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between Endothelial Cells and Tumor Cells: A New Era in Prostate Cancer Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- New insights and options into the mechanisms and effects of combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy in prostate cancer.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Review
- Impact of Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of Prostate Cancer Metastasis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Cancer Stem Cell Formation Induced and Regulated by Extracellular ATP and Stanniocalcin-1 in Human Lung Cancer Cells and Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Increase Prostate Cancer Cell Apoptosis in 3D Triculture Model of Reactive Stroma.Biology · 2022Article
- Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Review
- CCL5/CCR5 axis in human diseases and related treatments.Genes & diseases · 2022Review
- IL-6 Signaling Link between Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment and Prostatic Tumorigenesis.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2022Review
- Inhibition of Interleukin-6-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression and Invasive Ability of Lemon Peel Polyphenol Extract in Human Primary Colon Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A humanized orthotopic tumor microenvironment alters the bone metastatic tropism of prostate cancer cells.Communications biology · 2021Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Although the potential roles of endothelial cells in the microvascules of prostate cancer during angiogenesis have been documented, their direct impacts on the prostate cancer metastasis remain unclear. We found that the CD31-positive and CD34-positive endothelial cells are increased in prostate cancer compared with the normal tissues and that these endothelial cells were decreased upon castration, gradually recovered with time, and increased after prostate cancer progressed into the castration-resistant stage, suggesting a potential linkage of these endothelial cells with androgen deprivation therapy. The in vitro invasion assays showed that the coculture of endothelial cells with prostate cancer cells significantly enhanced the invasion ability of the prostate cancer cells. Mechanism dissection found that coculture of prostate cancer cells with endothelial cells led to increased interleukin (IL)-6 secretion from endothelial cells, which may result in downregulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer cells and then the activation of TGF-β/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) signaling. The consequences of the IL-6→AR→TGFβ→MMP-9 signaling pathway might then trigger the increased invasion of prostate cancer cells. Blocking the IL-6→AR→TGFβ→MMP-9 signaling pathway either by IL-6 antibody, AR-siRNA, or TGF-β1 inhibitor all interrupted the ability of endothelial cells to influence prostate cancer invasion. These results, for the first time, revealed the important roles of endothelial cells within the prostate cancer microenvironment to promote the prostate cancer metastasis and provide new potential targets of IL-6→AR→TGFβ→MMP-9 signals to battle the prostate cancer metastasis.
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