ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2013
Quantitative PCR for detection of Shigella improves ascertainment of Shigella burden in children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in low-income countries.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden ofBMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Birth Cohort Studies Assessing Norovirus Infection and Immunity in Young Children: A Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Bioconjugate Vaccine against Shigella flexneri 2a Administered to Healthy Adults: a Single-Blind, Randomized Phase I Study.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Trial
- Review
- The Burden and Genomic Characterization ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The incidence and antimicrobial resistance of Shigella-attributable diarrhoea in young children in low-income and middle-income countries from the multicountry Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella Surveillance Study: a prospective, facility-based hybrid surveillance study.The Lancet. Global health · 2026Article
- Gut bacteria-derived sphingolipids alter innate immune responses to oral cholera vaccine antigens.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the performance and feasibility of RLDT in detectingmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Shigellosis.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Review
- Epidemiologic and Genomic Investigation of Sexually Transmitted Shigella sonnei, England.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A Perspective on Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance as a Public Health Tool for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Clustering of Gastrointestinal Microorganisms in Human Stool Samples from Ghana.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Campylobacter in Africa - A specific viewpoint.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2023Review
- Shigella and childhood stunting: Evidence, gaps, and future research directions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Review
- Impact of Rapid Molecular Multiplex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Testing in Management of Children during aJournal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Clinical Prediction Rule to Guide Diagnostic Testing forOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Akkermansia muciniphila Associated with Improved Linear Growth among Young Children, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Design of a Bacteriophage Cocktail Active againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Estimates of the prevalence of Shigella spp. are limited by the suboptimal sensitivity of current diagnostic and surveillance methods. We used a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect Shigella in the stool samples of 3,533 children aged <59 months from the Gambia, Mali, Kenya, and Bangladesh, with or without moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD). We compared the results from conventional culture to those from qPCR for the Shigella ipaH gene. Using MSD as the reference standard, we determined the optimal cutpoint to be 2.9 × 10(4) ipaH copies per 100 ng of stool DNA for set 1 (n = 877). One hundred fifty-eight (18%) specimens yielded >2.9 × 10(4) ipaH copies. Ninety (10%) specimens were positive by traditional culture for Shigella. Individuals with ≥ 2.9 × 10(4) ipaH copies have 5.6-times-higher odds of having diarrhea than those with <2.9 × 10(4) ipaH copies (95% confidence interval, 3.7 to 8.5; P < 0.0001). Nearly identical results were found using an independent set of samples. qPCR detected 155 additional MSD cases with high copy numbers of ipaH, a 90% increase from the 172 cases detected by culture in both samples. Among a subset (n = 2,874) comprising MSD cases and their age-, gender-, and location-matched controls, the fraction of MSD cases that were attributable to Shigella infection increased from 9.6% (n = 129) for culture to 17.6% (n = 262) for qPCR when employing our cutpoint. We suggest that qPCR with a cutpoint of approximately 1.4 × 10(4) ipaH copies be the new reference standard for the detection and diagnosis of shigellosis in children in low-income countries. The acceptance of this new standard would substantially increase the fraction of MSD cases that are attributable to Shigella.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.