ArticleThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2013
Interactions between μ-opioid receptor agonists and cannabinoid receptor agonists in rhesus monkeys: antinociception, drug discrimination, and drug self-administration.
Article in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- MASCC guideline: cannabis for cancer-related pain and risk of harms and adverse events.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Guideline
- Opioid-sparing effect of cannabinoids for analgesia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Opioid-Sparing Effect of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Pooled it
- Cannabinoid modulation of opioid analgesia and subjective drug effects in healthy humans.Psychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Impact of co-administration of oxycodone and smoked cannabis on analgesia and abuse liability.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Intrathecal morphine administration reduces postoperative pain and peripheral endocannabinoid levels in total knee arthroplasty patients: a randomized clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2018Trial
- Cannabinoid CB1 receptor and mu-opioid receptor interaction: new insights from conditional knockout mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Kratom Alkaloids, Cannabinoids, and Chronic Pain: Basis of Potential Utility and Role in Therapy.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2025Article
- Does cannabis use substitute for opioids? A preliminary exploratory survey in opioid maintenance patients.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effect of Preoperative Marijuana on Patient Outcomes and Opioid Use after Lumbar Decompression.Global spine journal · 2025Article
- β-caryophyllene inhibits heroin self-administration, but does not alter opioid-induced antinociception in rodents.Neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Neural circuits controlling choice behavior in opioid addiction.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and THC/CBD mixtures on fentanyl versus food choice in rhesus monkeys.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Effects of combined THC and heroin vapor inhalation in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Translational value of non-human primates in opioid research.Experimental neurology · 2021Review
- Positive allosteric modulation of the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) in periaqueductal gray (PAG) antagonizes anti-nociceptive and cellular effects of a mu-opioid receptor agonist in morphine-withdrawn rats.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Therapeutic potential of opioid/cannabinoid combinations in humans: Review of the evidence.European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Review
- Interactions between opioids and cannabinoids: Economic demand for opioid/cannabinoid mixtures.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Effects of opioid/cannabinoid mixtures on impulsivity and memory in rhesus monkeys.Behavioural pharmacology · 2020Article
- Molecular Mechanism and Cannabinoid Pharmacology.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedDosage error in article text
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor agonists enhance the antinociceptive effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists, which suggests that combinations of these drugs might enhance therapeutic effectiveness (e.g., analgesia). However, it is not clear whether combinations of these drugs also enhance abuse or dependence liability. This experiment examined whether combinations of cannabinoids and opioids that enhance antinociception also increase abuse-related effects by studying the effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonists 2-[(1R,2R,5R)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl]-5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol (CP 55,940) and (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone mesylate (WIN 55,212) on the antinociceptive, discriminative stimulus, and positive reinforcing effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists in rhesus monkeys. In one group of monkeys (n = 3), morphine (0.1-5.6 mg/kg s.c.), CP 55,940 (0.0032-0.032 mg/kg s.c.), and WIN 55,212 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg s.c.) dose-dependently increased tail withdrawal latency from 50°C water, and pretreatment with small, otherwise ineffective, doses of CP 55,940 and WIN 55,212 shifted the morphine dose-effect curve to the left. In monkeys (n = 3) discriminating 3.2 mg/kg morphine, CP 55,940 (0.01-0.032 mg/kg s.c.) and WIN 55,212 (0.1-1.78 mg/kg s.c.) attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of morphine, shifting the dose-effect curve to the right. In monkeys (n = 4) self-administering heroin (0.32-32.0 µg/kg/infusion i.v.), CP 55,940 (0.001-0.032 mg/kg s.c.), and WIN 55,212 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg s.c.) shifted the heroin dose-effect curve rightward and downward. Cannabinoid receptor agonists CP 55,940 and WIN 55,212 enhanced the antinociceptive effects but not the discriminative stimulus or positive reinforcing effects of μ-opioid receptor agonists in rhesus monkeys, supporting the view that combining cannabinoid and opioid receptor agonists might result in enhanced treatment effectiveness for pain without similarly enhancing abuse and dependence liability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.