ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
NemR is a bleach-sensing transcription factor.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Factors governing the response ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Next generation ESKAPE-E superbugs: identifying transmissible locus of stress tolerance and antibiotic resistance in pandemic bacterial lineages.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Article
- A glyoxal-specific aldehyde signaling axis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that influences quorum sensing and infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
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- A Novel Silver-Ruthenium-Based Antimicrobial Kills Gram-Negative Bacteria Through Oxidative Stress-Induced Macromolecular Damage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Hypo-osmotic stress is an anticipatory trigger of heat-resistance in presumptive extraintestinal pathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The role of metals in hypothiocyanite resistance inJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- The role of metals in hypothiocyanite resistance inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Comparison ofEpigenomes · 2023Article
- Expression of RcrB confers resistance to hypochlorous acid in uropathogenicJournal of bacteriology · 2023Article
- Expression of RcrB confers resistance to hypochlorous acid in uropathogenicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- A Year at the Forefront of Bacterial Defense Systems Against Neutrophilic Oxidants.Biology open · 2023Article
- Transcription-replication interactions reveal principles of bacterial genome regulation.Research square · 2023Article
- Strain belonging to an emerging, virulent sublineage of ST131Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about how bacteria sense or respond to reactive chlorine species, such as bleach.
resultsNemR is a redox-regulated transcription factor which senses bleach.
conclusionNemR controls expression of genes encoding electrophile detoxification enzymes, which increase bleach resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrate a bleach-sensing bacterial response system and a new mechanism contributing to bacterial bleach survival. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the active component of household bleach, also functions as a powerful antimicrobial during the innate immune response. Despite its widespread use, surprisingly little is known about how cells sense or respond to HOCl. We now demonstrate that Escherichia coli NemR is a redox-regulated transcriptional repressor, which uses the oxidation status of HOCl-sensitive cysteine residues to respond to bleach and related reactive chlorine species. NemR controls bleach-mediated expression of two enzymes required for detoxification of reactive electrophiles: glyoxalase I and N-ethylmaleimide reductase. Both enzymes contribute to bacterial bleach survival. These results provide evidence that bleach resistance relies on the capacity of organisms to specifically sense reactive chlorine species and respond with the up-regulation of enzymes dedicated to detoxification of methylglyoxal and other reactive electrophiles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.