ArticleISRN pharmacology2013
Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine following a Single Administration of Coffee Enema versus Oral Coffee Consumption in Healthy Male Subjects.
Article in ISRN pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The safety and effectiveness of self-administered coffee enema: A systematic review of case reports.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Pre-Workout Multi-Ingredient Supplement on Anaerobic Performance: Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Review
- AI-GuidedJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- The effects of coffee and caffeine consumption on plasma and salivary biomarkers associated with mood in a healthy population.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Coffee as a Source of Antioxidants and an Elixir of Youth.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Potential Benefits of Coffee Consumption on Improving Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Healthy Individuals and Those at Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Caffeine causes cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and increases of ubiquitinated proteins, ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential in renal cells.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Review
- The Neuroprotective Effects of Moderate and Regular Caffeine Consumption in Alzheimer's Disease.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Review
- Coffee Consumption Modulates Amoxicillin-Induced Dysbiosis in the Murine Gut Microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Proctocolitis From Coffee Enema.ACG case reports journal · 2020Article
- Caffeine-inducible gene switches controlling experimental diabetes.Nature communications · 2018Article
- The clinical toxicology of caffeine: A review and case study.Toxicology reports · 2018Review
- Acute impact of drinking coffee on the cerebral and systemic vasculature.Physiological reports · 2017Article
- The Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Nervous System Effects of Two Natural Sources of Caffeine in Healthy Adult Males.Clinical and translational science · 2016Article
- Role of dietary bioactive natural products in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.Seminars in cancer biology · 2016Review
- Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Methylxanthines: Trying to Make Sense of All the Promises and the Drawbacks.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Oral caffeine administration ameliorates acute colitis by suppressing chitinase 3-like 1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells.Journal of gastroenterology · 2014Article
- Coffee enema for preparation for small bowel video capsule endoscopy: a pilot study.Clinical nutrition research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of caffeine after single administration of a coffee enema versus coffee consumed orally in healthy male subjects. The study design was an open-label, randomized two-phase crossover study. Eleven healthy subjects were randomly assigned either to receive 500 mL of coffee enema for 10 minutes or to consume 180 mL of ready-to-drink coffee beverage. After a washout period of at least 10 days, all the subjects were switched to receive the alternate coffee procedure. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at specific time points until 12 hours after coffee administration in each phase. The mean caffeine content in both the coffee solution prepared for the coffee enema and the ready-to-drink coffee beverage was not statistically different. The C max and AUC of caffeine obtained from the coffee enema were about 3.5 times significantly less than those of the coffee consumed orally, despite having slightly but statistically faster T max. The t 1/2 of caffeine obtained following both coffee procedures did not statistically differ. In summary, the relative bioavailability of caffeine obtained from the coffee enema was about 3.5 times significantly less than those of the coffee consumed orally.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.