ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2013
Toll-like receptors as therapeutic targets for autoimmune connective tissue diseases.
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging trends and focus of Toll-like receptors in kidney diseases: a 20-year bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Progesterone on Human Microglia via TLR4/NLRP3 Pathway Modulation: Relevance to Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Distinct molecular profile in Sjögren's syndrome is associated with disease activity and clinical manifestations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Renal macrophage TLR7 signaling in lupus nephritis: from pathogenic mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Risk of autoimmune disease flares after recombinant zoster vaccine: A vaccine safety analysis based on the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- RNA polymerase II subunit 5-mediating protein limits TLR4-induced innate immune activation in macrophages by inhibiting IKKβ/NF-κB signaling during sepsis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Modulating Metabolic Health and Physiological Functions: Advances in Dietary Interventions Targeting Gut Microbiota.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Review
- The therapeutic effects of dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on diabetes mellitus: from the perspective of gut microbiota.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Influence of Maqian essential oil on gut microbiota and immunoresponses in type 1 diabetes: In silico study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway involved in pathogenesis of thromboangiitis obliterans through activating of NF-κB.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial DNA Sensing Pathogen Recognition Receptors in Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review.Current treatment options in rheumatology · 2023Article
- Interplay of Chemokines Receptors, Toll-like Receptors, and Host Immunological Pathways.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Microbiota in health and diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mullites: Advanced research-based review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Loss of toll-like receptor 4 ameliorates cardiovascular dysfunction in aged mice.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2021Article
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes in the Postgenomic Era and Future Perspectives for Precision Medicine.Cancers · 2021Review
- Variety of endosomal TLRs and Interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ) expression profiles in patients with SLE, SSc and MCTD.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Role of the Innate Immunity Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Neuroimmune Diseases: Therapeutic Targets and Problems.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune connective tissue diseases (ACTDs) are a family of consistent systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). IL-1R-like receptors (TLRs) are located on various cellular membranes and sense exogenous and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), playing a critical role in innate immune responses. During the past decade, the investigation of TLRs in inflammatory autoimmune diseases has been fruitful. In this report, we review the significant biochemical, physiological and pathological studies of the key functions of TLRs in ACTDs. Several proteins in the TLR signaling pathways (e.g., IKK-2 and MyD88) have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ACTDs. Antibodies, oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) and small molecular inhibitors (SMIs) have been tested to modulate TLR signaling. Some drug-like SMIs of TLR signaling, such as RDP58, ST2825, ML120B and PHA-408, have demonstrated remarkable potential, with promising safety and efficacy profiles, which should warrant further clinical investigation. Nonetheless, one should bear in mind that all TLRs exert both protective and pathogenic functions; the function of TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease represents such an example. Therefore, an important aspect of TLR modulator development involves the identification of a balance between the suppression of disease-inducing inflammation, while retaining the beneficiary host immune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.