ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Potential shortfall of pyramided transgenic cotton for insect resistance management.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Field performance of MON 94637 and laboratory evidence supporting a Bt pyramiding strategy against key lepidopteran pests in Brazil.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Effects of resistance to Bt proteins Cry1Ac and Vip3Aa on flight traits of Helicoverpa zea.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Bt agave: why it is time to explore a new biotechnological frontier.Pest management science · 2026Review
- Helicoverpa zea selected on Bt corn have wing shapes better suited to long distance flight.Environmental entomology · 2026Article
- Editing the kinesin-12 gene affects responses to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa zea.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Rootworm resistance to Bt associated with increased injury to corn pyramids combining Bt proteins and RNA interference.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Polygenic response to selection by transgenic Bt-expressing crops in wild Helicoverpa zea and characterization of a major effect locus.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Mismatch between lab-generated and field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt crops inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Resistance of Lepidopteran Pests toToxins · 2024Review
- Cross-pollination in seed-blended refuge and selection for Vip3A resistance in a lepidopteran pest as detected by genomic monitoring.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Biotechnology and Solutions: Insect-Pest-Resistance Management for Improvement and Development of Bt Cotton (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Extended Sentinel Monitoring ofInsects · 2023Article
- Fitness Costs and Incomplete Resistance Associated with Delayed Evolution of Practical Resistance to Bt Crops.Insects · 2023Review
- Review
- Article
- The Potential Role of the Methionine Aminopeptidase GeneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evidence of hard-selective sweeps suggests independent adaptation to insecticides in Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations.Evolutionary applications · 2022Article
- Article
- Genome evolution in an agricultural pest following adoption of transgenic crops.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), the "pyramid" strategy uses plants that produce two or more toxins that kill the same pest. In the United States, this strategy has been adopted widely, with two-toxin Bt cotton replacing one-toxin Bt cotton. Although two-toxin plants are likely to be more durable than one-toxin plants, the extent of this advantage depends on several conditions. One key assumption favoring success of two-toxin plants is that they kill insects selected for resistance to one toxin, which is called "redundant killing." Here we tested this assumption for a major pest, Helicoverpa zea, on transgenic cotton producing Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. Selection with Cry1Ac increased survival on two-toxin cotton, which contradicts the assumption. The concentration of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab declined during the growing season, which would tend to exacerbate this problem. Furthermore, analysis of results from 21 selection experiments with eight species of lepidopteran pests indicates that some cross-resistance typically occurs between Cry1A and Cry2A toxins. Incorporation of empirical data into simulation models shows that the observed deviations from ideal conditions could greatly reduce the benefits of the pyramid strategy for pests like H. zea, which have inherently low susceptibility to Bt toxins and have been exposed extensively to one of the toxins in the pyramid before two-toxin plants are adopted. For such pests, the pyramid strategy could be improved by incorporating empirical data on deviations from ideal assumptions about redundant killing and cross-resistance.
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Registered trials
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