ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Universal distribution of component frequencies in biological and technological systems.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbiome determinants of productivity in aquaculture of whiteleg shrimp.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Nutrition or nature: using elementary flux modes to disentangle the complex forces shaping prokaryote pan-genomes.BMC ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Evolution of networks of protein domain organization.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Compressed Vocabulary of Microbial Life.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Taxonomic classification method for metagenomics based on core protein families with Core-Kaiju.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- The Hot Spring Hypothesis for an Origin of Life.Astrobiology · 2020Review
- Reusable building blocks in biological systems.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2018Article
- Family-specific scaling laws in bacterial genomes.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- Cross-Disciplinary Network Comparison: Matchmaking Between Hairballs.Cell systems · 2016Article
- Cross-species gene-family fluctuations reveal the dynamics of horizontal transfers.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- Evidence for soft bounds in Ubuntu package sizes and mammalian body masses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- A maximum entropy framework for nonexponential distributions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial genomes and large-scale computer software projects both consist of a large number of components (genes or software packages) connected via a network of mutual dependencies. Components can be easily added or removed from individual systems, and their use frequencies vary over many orders of magnitude. We study this frequency distribution in genomes of ∼500 bacterial species and in over 2 million Linux computers and find that in both cases it is described by the same scale-free power-law distribution with an additional peak near the tail of the distribution corresponding to nearly universal components. We argue that the existence of a power law distribution of frequencies of components is a general property of any modular system with a multilayered dependency network. We demonstrate that the frequency of a component is positively correlated with its dependency degree given by the total number of upstream components whose operation directly or indirectly depends on the selected component. The observed frequency/dependency degree distributions are reproduced in a simple mathematically tractable model introduced and analyzed in this study.
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