ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2013
The syndemic effects of intimate partner violence, HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse on depression among low-income urban women.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Telephone-Based Therapy Targeting Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Income People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- A Substance Abuse, Violence and Unhealthy Alcohol Use Syndemic Predicts Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Black Women Living With HIV in Four US Cities.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Partner Violence and Substance-Related Service Use: Differences by HIV Status Among Women.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Social-ecological Protective and Risk Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Black Adolescents.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Violence experience among cis-gender women living with HIV in Atlanta, Georgia: impact on HIV-related health and their preferences for violence screening and support.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Co-occurring Intimate Partner Violence, Mental Health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Parenting Among Women: A Scoping Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Article
- Testing a syndemics perspective on the effects of multiple adversities on depression and anxiety symptoms in a representative population sample.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Profiles of Maternal-Child Interactions and their Association with Children's External Resilience Resources.Journal of child and family studies · 2024Article
- Exploring Psychosocial and Structural Syndemic Effects as Predictors of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Black Women (HPTN 064).Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Article
- Gendered Racial Microaggressions, Self-silencing, Substance Use, and HIV Outcomes Among Black Women Living with HIV: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Editorial: Maternal substance and alcohol use and contextual issues.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Emergency departments as under-utilized venues to provide HIV prevention services to female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.International journal of emergency medicine · 2023Article
- A Trauma-Informed HIV Intervention (LinkPositively) to Improve HIV Care Among Black Women Affected by Interpersonal Violence: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Social Support, Internalized HIV Stigma, Resilience and Depression Among People Living with HIV: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- A Scoping Review of Computer-Based and Telecommunication Technology Interventions to Address Drug and Alcohol Misuse and Smoking in Women.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Use Disorders and Depression among Incarcerated Women in Lima, Perú.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Suicide risk among persons living with HIV.AIDS care · 2021Article
- Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among South African Women and Their Relation to Emotional Distress During Pregnancy and Postpartum.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2021Article
- "As a Young Pregnant Girl… The Challenges You Face": Exploring the Intersection Between Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health Amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- "Violence and love and drugs…it all goes hand in hand": A mixed methods analysis of the substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS syndemic among women who use methamphetamine.Substance abuse · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV), HIV/AIDS, and substance use are epidemics among low-income urban women that have been described together as the "SAVA syndemic" because of their co-occurring nature. This study examines the synergistic or "syndemic" effect of these three health issues on depression among urban women and evaluates social support as a protective factor that might reduce depressive symptoms associated with the Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS (SAVA) syndemic. Data from 445 urban women were collected through in-person interviews. All women were over the age of 18, not pregnant, English speaking, and reported having a main partner in the past year. Twenty-five percent had experienced all three factors of the SAVA syndemic (were HIV-positive, had experienced IPV in the past year, and had used cocaine or heroin in their lifetime). HIV-positive status, hard drug use, IPV, and low levels of social support were all individually associated with greater depressive symptoms. When controlling for demographics and other SAVA factors, IPV and hard drug use in the past 30 days remained associated with depressive symptoms, as did low social support. However, social support did not modify the effect of the SAVA factors on depression. Compared to women who experienced no SAVA factors, women who had experienced all three factors were 6.77 times more likely to have depressive symptoms. These findings confirm that IPV is significantly associated with depressive symptoms and that the syndemic impact of IPV, substance use, and HIV could have even more extreme effects on depression outcomes.
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Registered trials
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