ArticleHigh blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension2013
The relationship between cognitive function, depressive behaviour and sleep quality with 24-h urinary sodium excretion in patients with essential hypertension.
Article in High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Link Between Dietary Sodium Intake, Cognitive Function, and Dementia Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of High Dietary Salt on Neurovascular and Cognitive Functions.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- The Relationship Between Dietary Sodium Intake and Cognitive Function: A Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Association of dietary sodium intake with late-life cognitive decline and postmortem neuropathology in community-dwelling older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Dietary salt, vascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Independent and interactive associations of dietary nitrate and salt intake with blood pressure and cognitive function: a cross-sectional analysis in the InCHIANTI study.International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2022Article
- Association between 24-h urinary sodium to potassium ratio and mild cognitive impairment in community-based general population.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- Depression Relationship with Dietary Patterns and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Women: Result from Ravansar Cohort Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Article
- Dietary Sodium/Potassium Intake Does Not Affect Cognitive Function or Brain Imaging Indices.American journal of nephrology · 2018Article
- Association between Dietary Sodium Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Article
- Article
- Salt intake and cognitive function: new evidence calls for further investigations.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2013Article
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1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVarious studies have shown that sodium intake is related to increased blood pressure. However, the relationship between sodium intake and cognitive function and depression has not previously been studied.
aimThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between 24-h sodium excretion with cognitive function, depression and sleep quality in patients newly diagnosed with essential hypertension.
methodsAll patients underwent history taking, physical examination, blood pressure measurement, 12-lead ECG evaluation, routine urine analysis, biochemical analysis and 24-h urine collection to measure urinary sodium and protein excretion and creatinine clearance, evaluation of cognitive function, depressive behaviour and sleep quality.
resultsIn total, 119 patients newly diagnosed with essential hypertension (50 men and 69 women aged 54.2 ± 16.1 years) were enrolled. The 24-h urinary sodium excretion of the patients was 204.0 ± 240.4 mEq/day. The Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Beck Depression Inventory scores of the patients were 26.0 ± 2.7, 5.6 ± 3.1 and 21.6 ± 13.5, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that 24-h urinary sodium excretion was correlated with age (rho -0.258, p = 0.005), systolic blood pressure (rho 0.219, p = 0.017), diastolic blood pressure (rho 0.195, p = 0.034), creatinine clearance (rho 0.414, p < 0.0001) and SMMSE score (rho -0.257, p = 0.005). Stepwise linear regression of independent factors revealed that gender (p < 0.0001), creatinine clearance (p < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.031) and SMMSE score (p < 0.0001) were independently related to logarithmically converted 24-h sodium excretion.
conclusionThe current study demonstrated that better cognitive function, but not depressive behaviour and sleep disturbance, is related to decreased sodium intake as evaluated by 24-h urinary sodium excretion. Studies are needed to highlight the mechanisms regarding the relationship between cognitive function and sodium intake.
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