Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23528911›Full record

ArticleMolecular psychiatry2014

Altered gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia.

A L Guillozet-Bongaarts, T M Hyde, R A Dalley, M J Hawrylycz, A Henry, P R Hof, J Hohmann, A R Jones, C L Kuan, J Royall and 4 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Decreased Brain pH as a Shared Endophenotype of Psychiatric Disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018
    Pooled it
  4. Pharmacokinetic Limitations on Effects of an Alpha7-Nicotinic Receptor Agonist in Schizophrenia: Randomized Trial with an Extended-Release Formulation.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018
    Trial
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Regulation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Cellular Diversity in Human Subgenual Anterior Cingulate and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex by Single-Nucleus RNA-Sequencing.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023
    Article
  20. Cannabis Pharmacogenomics: A Path to Personalized Medicine.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023
    Review

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

A L Guillozet-BongaartsAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
T M Hyde1] Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA [3] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
R A DalleyAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
M J HawrylyczAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
A HenryAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
P R HofFishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
J HohmannAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
A R JonesAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
C L KuanAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
J RoyallAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
E ShenAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
B SwansonAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
H ZengAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
J E Kleinman1] Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Allen Institute for Brain Science · USAllen Institute · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The underlying pathology of schizophrenia (SZ) is likely as heterogeneous as its symptomatology. A variety of cortical and subcortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex, have been implicated in its pathology, and a number of genes have been identified as risk factors for disease development. We used in situ hybridization (ISH) to examine the expression of 58 genes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, comprised of Brodmann areas 9 and 46) from 19 individuals with a premorbid diagnosis of SZ and 33 control individuals. Genes were selected based on: (1) previous identification as risk factors for SZ; (2) cell type markers or (3) laminar markers. Cell density and staining intensity were compared in the DLPFC, as well as separately in Brodmann areas 9 and 46. The expression patterns of a variety of genes, many of which are associated with the GABAergic system, were altered in SZ when compared with controls. Additional genes, including C8orf79 and NR4A2, showed alterations in cell density or staining intensity between the groups, highlighting the need for additional studies. Alterations were, with only a few exceptions, limited to Brodmann area 9, suggesting regional specificity of pathology in the DLPFC. Our results agree with previous studies on the GABAergic involvement in SZ, and suggest that areas 9 and 46 may be differentially affected in the disease. This study also highlights additional genes that may be altered in SZ, and indicates that these potentially interesting genes can be identified by ISH and high-throughput image analysis techniques.

Indexed as

AdultCell CountFemaleGene Expression RegulationHumansMaleMiddle AgedNerve Tissue ProteinsNeurogliaNeuroimagingNeuronsPrefrontal CortexSchizophreniaYoung AdultNerve Tissue Proteins

Identifiers

PMID23528911
PMCPMC3965839
OpenAlexW2054585593

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.