SynthesisPloS one2013
Nutritional support for patients sustaining traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03627910 (Pressure Ulcers in Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition Therapy. What is the Relationship With Gut Microbiota?), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pressure Ulcers in Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition Therapy. What is the Relationship With Gut Microbiota?
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of early enteral nutrition in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Immunonutrition for modifying inflammatory markers and improving clinical outcomes following traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Early Enteral Nutrition (within 48 h) for Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Oro-esophageal feeding for tracheostomized patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of probiotics combined with early enteral nutrition on endothelin-1 and C-reactive protein levels and prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Trial
- Effects of immunonutrition on biomarkers in traumatic brain injury patients in Malaysia: a prospective randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2017Trial
- An Exploratory Assessment on Differing Supplemental Feeding Methods and Associated Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Outcomes.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- Impact of epidemiological and nutritional factors on outcomes following traumatic brain injury in a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Patterns of Enteral Feeding, Feeding Intolerance, and Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Observational Study.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Feeding the injured brain: nutrients, dose, timing, and monitoring.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- An inflammatory-nutritional machine learning model for risk stratification of hospital-acquired pneumonia in traumatic brain injury: a multicenter study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of CRP, PCT, and TNF-a, D-lactate, DAO, and endotoxin on survival of patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- Duodenal Stenosis With Significant Edema Due to Complication From an Enteral Nutrition Tube: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- New insights into metabolism dysregulation after TBI.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Article
- Clinical Management in Traumatic Brain Injury.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Ten good reasons to consider gastrointestinal function after acute brain injury.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Review
- Relationship between enteral nutrition timing and 28-day mortality in critically ill stroke patients in the MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Dietary (Poly)phenols in Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Efficacy of Parenteral Nutrition and Enteral Nutrition Supports in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systemic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Emergency medicine international · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn traumatic brain injury (TBI), the appropriate timing and route of feeding, and the efficacy of immune-enhancing formulae have not been well established. We performed this meta-analysis aiming to compare the effects of different nutritional support modalities on clinical outcomes of TBI patients.
methodsWe systematically searched Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until October, 2012. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized prospective studies (NPSs) that compared the effects of different routes, timings, or formulae of feeding on outcomes in TBI patients were selected. The primary outcomes included mortality and poor outcome. The secondary outcomes included the length of hospital stay, the length of ventilation days, and the rate of infectious or feeding-related complications.
findings13 RCTs and 3 NPSs were included. The pooled data demonstrated that, compared with delayed feeding, early feeding was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of mortality (relative risk [RR] = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24-0.50), poor outcome (RR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.91), and infectious complications (RR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59-0.99). Compared with enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition showed a slight trend of reduction in the rate of mortality (RR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.34-1.09), poor outcome (RR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.51-1.04), and infectious complications (RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.66-1.22), whereas without statistical significances. The immune-enhancing formula was associated with a significant reduction in infection rate compared with the standard formula (RR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35-0.82). Small-bowel feeding was found to be with a decreasing rate of pneumonia compared with nasogastric feeding (RR = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22-0.76).
conclusionAfter TBI, early initiation of nutrition is recommended. It appears that parenteral nutrition is superior to enteral nutrition in improving outcomes. Our results lend support to the use of small-bowel feeding and immune-enhancing formulae in reducing infectious complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.