ArticlePloS one2013
Tim-3 expression defines regulatory T cells in human tumors.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03255252 (Assessment Study to Evaluate Specific Immune Response in Locally Advanced Cervix Cancer After Radio-chemotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 119 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment Study to Evaluate Specific Immune Response in Locally Advanced Cervix Cancer After Radio-chemotherapy (IMMUVIX)
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric analysis of knowledge maps and future trends of TIM-3 in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- TIM-3 is a potential prognostic marker for patients with solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- irRECIST for the Evaluation of Candidate Biomarkers of Response to Nivolumab in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of a Phase II Prospective Clinical Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2019Trial
- Enhanced suppressor function of TIM-3+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells.European journal of immunology · 2014Trial
- Decreased galectin-9 and increased Tim-3 expression are related to poor prognosis in gastric cancer.PloS one · 2013Trial
- The Galectin Family in Colorectal Cancer: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- TIM-3 in Cardiovascular Disease.Current heart failure reports · 2026Review
- Integrating machine learning and multi-omics analysis to explore Treg-associated programmed cell death features in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Increased phenotypic and functional stability of human allospecific induced Tregs is associated with Vitamin C-mediatedFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Spatial proteomics reveals recombinant human laminin-111 restores adhesion signaling to laminin-α2-deficient muscle.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Review
- First-in-human phase I open-label study of the anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody INCAGN02390 in patients with select advanced or metastatic solid tumors.The oncologist · 2025Article
- The Epithelial Immune Response to Human Papillomavirus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibodies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Immunosuppressive cells in acute myeloid leukemia: mechanisms and therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Beyond monotherapy: multimodal strategies integrating immune checkpoint inhibitors in lymphoma management.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Current Perspectives of Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Review
- Galectin-9 and Tim-3 in gastric cancer: a checkpoint axis driving T cell exhaustion and Treg-mediated immunosuppression independently of anti-PD-1 blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tim-3, a member of the novel Tim (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain) family, has been reported to negatively regulate the immune responses against viral infection and had implications for autoimmune disease. However, the nature and role of Tim-3(+) CD4 T cells in human tumors remain largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized Tim-3(+) CD4 T cells in 100 specimens from human hepatocellular, cervical, colorectal and ovarian carcinoma patients. Compared with peripheral blood and nontumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the lymphocytes isolated from the corresponding tumor tissues of hepatocellular, cervical, colorectal and ovarian carcinoma patients contained significantly greater proportion of Tim-3(+) CD4 T cells. The majority of tumor-derived Tim-3(+) CD4 T cells exhibited an impaired capacity to produce IFN-γ and IL-2, but expressed higher levels of CD25, Foxp3, CTLA-4 and GITR than their Tim-3(-) CD4 T cell counterparts. In contrast, most Tim-3(+) CD4 T cells isolated from the paired nontumor tissues and peripheral blood did not express these molecules. Moreover, tumor-derived Tim-3(+) CD4 T cells, but not tumor-derived Tim-3(-) CD4 T cells, significantly suppressed the proliferation of autologous CD8(+) T cells in vitro. Notably, multi-color immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy demonstrated that Tim-3(+)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) cells were preferentially distributed in the tumor nest rather than the peritumoral stroma of hepatocellular carcinoma. Together, our data indicate that Tim-3-expressing CD4 T cells in human tumors could represent the functional regulatory T cells which contribute to the formation of the immune-suppressive tumor micromilieu.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.