Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23526307›Full record

ArticleGenetic epidemiology2013

A geometric framework for evaluating rare variant tests of association.

Keli Liu, Shannon Fast, Matthew Zawistowski, Nathan L Tintle

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetic epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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  12. Modest impact on risk for autism spectrum disorder of rare copy number variants at 15q11.2, specifically breakpoints 1 to 2.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2014
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Keli LiuDepartment of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Shannon Fast
Matthew Zawistowski
Nathan L Tintle

Funding

Population genetics for large-scale sequencing studies of diverse populationsR01HG005855 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Noah Rosenberg, Paul A Scheet · 2010 to 2026
$5.8M
Analyzing the behavior and interpreting the results of gene based tests of rare variant associationR15HG006915 · NHGRI · DORDT COLLEGE · PI TINTLE, NATHAN L · 2012 to 2020
$1.3M
Evaluating the Cost Effectiveness of Alternative Sample Designs for Genetic AssocR15HG004543 · NHGRI · HOPE COLLEGE · PI TINTLE, NATHAN L · 2008 to 2011
$288k
NHGRI NIH HHS HG005855NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG005855NHGRI NIH HHS R15 HG004543NHGRI NIH HHS R15HG004543NHGRI NIH HHS R15 HG006915NHGRI NIH HHS R15HG006915
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The wave of next-generation sequencing data has arrived. However, many questions still remain about how to best analyze sequence data, particularly the contribution of rare genetic variants to human disease. Numerous statistical methods have been proposed to aggregate association signals across multiple rare variant sites in an effort to increase statistical power; however, the precise relation between the tests is often not well understood. We present a geometric representation for rare variant data in which rare allele counts in case and control samples are treated as vectors in Euclidean space. The geometric framework facilitates a rigorous classification of existing rare variant tests into two broad categories: tests for a difference in the lengths of the case and control vectors, and joint tests for a difference in either the lengths or angles of the two vectors. We demonstrate that genetic architecture of a trait, including the number and frequency of risk alleles, directly relates to the behavior of the length and joint tests. Hence, the geometric framework allows prediction of which tests will perform best under different disease models. Furthermore, the structure of the geometric framework immediately suggests additional classes and types of rare variant tests. We consider two general classes of tests which show robustness to noncausal and protective variants. The geometric framework introduces a novel and unique method to assess current rare variant methodology and provides guidelines for both applied and theoretical researchers.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationGenome-Wide Association StudyModels, TheoreticalAlgorithmsAllelesGene FrequencyGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansModels, GeneticModels, Statistical

Identifiers

PMID23526307
PMCPMC3718063

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.