ArticleEuropean journal of cardiovascular nursing2014
Exhaustion, immuno-inflammation, and pathogen burden after cardiac surgery: an exploratory study.
Article in European journal of cardiovascular nursing, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sero-epidemiological studies of pathogen burden: A scoping review.Wellcome open research · 2026Pooled it
- Psychosomatic syndromes are associated with IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine in heart failure patients.PloS one · 2022Article
- Reporter Cell Assessment of TLR4-Induced NF-κB Responses to Cell-Free Hemoglobin and the Influence of Biliverdin.Biomedicines · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExhaustion, a consequence of prolonged stress characterized by unusual fatigue, is associated with increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. In patients recovering from coronary artery bypass (CABG), little is known about the relationship of 1) immune-mediated inflammation and resultant endothelial activation, and 2) cumulative exposure to infectious pathogens (pathogen burden (PB)) implicated in coronary atherosclerosis to exhaustion.
aimThe aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the association of PB, inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10) and a marker of endothelial activation (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)) to exhaustion.
methodsOne to two months post-CABG, 42 individuals who met inclusion criteria were assessed for exhaustion using the Maastricht Interview for Vital Exhaustion. Serum IgG antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and inflammatory and endothelial activation markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathogen burden was defined as the total number of seropositive exposures: low (0-1), moderate (2-3), and high (4).
resultsPrevalence of exhaustion was 40.5%. Relative to non-exhausted patients, exhausted patients demonstrated a higher frequency of moderate PB (h=0.73, p=0.04) but lower frequency of high PB (h=1.05, p=0.03). Exhaustion showed a non-significant trend for positive correlations with IL-6 and sICAM-1 levels, and inverse relation to PB. In subgroup analysis, exhausted patients had stronger correlations with IL-6 and IL-6:IL-10 and a tendency towards higher serum IL-10 concentrations compared with their non-exhausted counterparts.
conclusionThis hypothesis-generating study provides preliminary evidence that elevated post-CABG exhaustion may be associated with PB, inflammation, and endothelial activation.
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