Trial reportPloS one2013
Developmental enamel defects in children prenatally exposed to anti-epileptic drugs.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Second primary molar hypomineralisation and drugs used during pregnancy and infancy. A systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Pooled it
- Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Expert consensus on the treatment of oral diseases in pregnant women and infants.International journal of oral science · 2025Review
- Effect of prenatal alcohol consumption on dental enamel formation in offspring-An animal study protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- RANTES and developmental defects of enamel in children: A Brazilian prenatal cohort (BRISA).PloS one · 2023Article
- Developmental Enamel Defects in Children from the Southern Region of Ecuador.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Factors and Mechanisms Involved in Acquired Developmental Defects of Enamel: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs and use of primary healthcare during childhood: a population-based cohort study in Denmark.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Article
- Prevalence of the developmental defects of the enamel in children aged 12-15 years in Kollam district.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSome anti-epileptic drugs (AED) have well-known teratogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of prenatal exposure to AED and the risk of enamel defects in the primary and permanent dentition.
methodsA total of 38 exposed and 129 non-exposed children, 6-10 years of age, were recruited from the Aarhus Birth Cohort and the Department of Neurology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Denmark. Medication during pregnancy was confirmed by the Danish Prescription Database. All children had their teeth examined and outcomes in terms of enamel opacities and enamel hypoplasia were recorded.
resultsChildren prenatally exposed to AED have an increased prevalence of enamel hypoplasia (11% vs. 4%, odds ratio (OR) = 3.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9 to 15.4]), diffuse opacities (18% vs. 7%, OR = 3.0; [95% CI: 1.0 to 8.7, p<0.05]), and numerous (>3) white opacities (18% vs. 10%, OR = 2.2; [95% CI: 0.8 to 6.1]) in the primary dentition. In the permanent dentition, an increased risk of numerous (>3) white opacities (34% vs. 12%, OR = 3.3; [95% CI: 1.3 to 8.4]) was found.
conclusionsThe present study shows that children prenatally exposed to AED have an increased risk of developing numerous teeth with white opacities in their primary and permanent dentition. In addition, they also have an increased risk of developing diffuse opacities and enamel hypoplasia in their primary teeth.
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