ArticleDrug safety2013
Inhaled corticosteroids and the occurrence of oral candidiasis: a prescription sequence symmetry analysis.
Article in Drug safety, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prescribing Cascades with Recommendations to Prevent or Reverse Them: A Systematic Review.Drugs & aging · 2023Pooled it
- Prescribing cascades in community-dwelling adults: A systematic review.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Quality Appraisal of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Pharmacologic Maintenance Treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Methodological Considerations and Recommendations.PharmacoEconomics · 2017Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Topical Steroid Therapy for Oral Mucositis During Cancer Chemotherapy: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Patients Using Inhaled Corticosteroids: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Which older adults are at highest risk of prescribing cascades? A national study of the gabapentinoid-loop diuretic cascade.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Perception of Illness and Fear of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use among Parents of Children with Asthma.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Oral Candidiasis in Asthma and COPD Patients Using Inhaled Corticosteroids in the Philippine General Hospital Department of Out-patient Services.Acta medica Philippina · 2023Article
- Characterization of Purified Mulberry Leaf Glycoprotein and Its Immunoregulatory Effect on Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with varenicline treatment for smoking cessation among Dutch population: A sequence symmetry analysis.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the key prescription sequence symmetry analysis assumption using the calcium channel blocker: Loop diuretic prescribing cascade.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2022Article
- Determinants of poor inhaler technique and poor therapy adherence in obstructive lung diseases: a cross-sectional study in community pharmacies.BMJ open respiratory research · 2021Article
- Mussel Inspired Chemistry and Bacteria Derived Polymers for Oral Mucosal Adhesion and Drug Delivery.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Magnitude of and Characteristics Associated With the Treatment of Calcium Channel Blocker-Induced Lower-Extremity Edema With Loop Diuretics.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Comparison of adverse events associated with different spacers used with non-extrafine beclometasone dipropionate for asthma.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2019Article
- Increased risk of mycotic infections associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors: a prescription sequence symmetry analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Observational
- Laryngeal candidiasis: Our experience from sixty biopsy specimens.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2018Article
- Patient Susceptibility to Candidiasis-A Potential for Adjunctive Immunotherapy.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe primary aim of the study was to gain insight into the relative risk of clinically relevant oral candidiasis following inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) initiation over time. A secondary aim was to analyse the influence of patient characteristics and co-medication on the occurrence of this adverse effect.
methodsDrug prescription data from 1994 to 2011 were retrieved from the IADB.nl database. To study the influence of ICS use on occurrence of oral candidiasis, a prescription symmetry analysis was used, including patients using medication for oral candidiasis up to 1 year before or after ICS initiation. The relative risk was calculated by dividing the number of patients receiving medication for oral candidiasis after ICS initiation by the number of patients receiving the same medication before ICS initiation. Sub-analyses were conducted to compare the relative risks at several time points after ICS initiation and to account for therapy persistence by only including chronic users of ICS. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictive factors.
resultsA total of 52,279 incident users of ICS therapy were identified, of which 1,081 received medication for oral candidiasis up to 1 year before or after ICS initiation. A total of 701 patients received medication for oral candidiasis after ICS initiation, while 361 received these medications in the reversed sequence, resulting in a sequence ratio (SR) of 1.94 (95 % CI 1.71-2.21). In the first 3 months after ICS initiation, the SR was 2.72 (95 % CI 2.19-3.38) and then decreased to 1.47 (95 % CI 1.11-1.95) 9-12 months after ICS initiation. Predictive factors were higher daily dose of ICS and concomitant use of oral corticosteroids.
conclusionsThis study found a significant and clinically relevant increased number of patients receiving medication for oral candidiasis in the first year after therapy initiation with ICS. Relative risk is highest in the first 3 months, but remains increased up to at least 1 year after ICS initiation. This study stresses the need for patient education and inhalation instruction.
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