ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2013
Analgesic use in relation to sex hormone and prolactin concentrations in premenopausal women.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Migraine and breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2015Pooled it
- Gingival crevicular fluid levels of prolactin in periodontitis patients with controlled versus uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. a controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hormone-associated dietary patterns and premenopausal breast cancer risk.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Understanding the Biological Relationship between Migraine and Depression.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Endogenous Steroid Hormone Concentrations and Risk of Endometriosis in Nurses' Health Study II.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Prolactin and oxytocin: potential targets for migraine treatment.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Review
- The Hepatoprotective and Hepatotoxic Roles of Sex and Sex-Related Hormones.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Sex-associated preventive effects of low-dose aspirin on obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mouse offspring with over-nutrition in utero.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2019Article
- Lack of Relationships Between Serum Prolactin Concentrations and Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Eastern Croatian Older Adults.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Article
- Effects of over-the-counter analgesic use on reproductive hormones and ovulation in healthy, premenopausal women.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2015Observational
- Analgesic use and patterns of estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women.Hormones & cancer · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeCommon analgesics (aspirin, non-aspirin NSAIDs, and acetaminophen) may be associated with hormone-related cancers, possibly via effects on sex hormone and prolactin concentrations.
methodsBetween 1996 and 1999, 29,611 participants in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) provided blood samples; 18,521 provided samples timed in the early follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, the remainder provided untimed samples. We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between analgesic use and plasma sex hormone and prolactin concentrations among 2,034 premenopausal women, 32-54 years old, who served as controls in nested case-control studies, or participated in a within-person hormone reproducibility study in the NHSII; this included 1,700 timed and 334 untimed samples. Estrogens and progesterone were measured in timed samples; androgens and prolactin were measured in timed and untimed samples.
resultsIn multivariable models, non-aspirin NSAIDs were positively associated with follicular free estradiol [13.5 % higher, use ≥4 days/week vs. nonusers (p = 0.04; p trend = 0.11)]; results for follicular total estradiol were similar (13.2 % higher, p = 0.06; p trend = 0.11). Acetaminophen use was inversely associated with prolactin (11.8 % lower, use 2 days/week vs. nonusers, p = 0.01, p trend = 0.04). Acetaminophen was also inversely associated with free testosterone (7.1 % lower, use 2 days/week vs. nonusers, p = 0.04; p trend = 0.04). No other associations were observed with the other hormones, or with aspirin use.
conclusionsThere were no clear patterns between analgesic use and sex hormones in premenopausal women. Acetaminophen use may be modestly associated with prolactin and free testosterone. Our results do not support that analgesic use influences cancer risk through alterations in premenopausal circulating sex hormones or prolactin.
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