ArticleInflammation2013
Nitric oxide and interleukins are involved in cell proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages activated by viili exopolysaccharides.
Article in Inflammation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Sulfated Polysaccharide from Natto-Derived Bacillus subtilis.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Optimization of the Probiotic Fermentation Process ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exopolysaccharide production by seven basidiomycetous fungi and their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of a low molecular weight polysaccharide from Nostoc commune Vaucher and its structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2024Article
- Identification of bioactive compounds and inhibitory effects of TNF-α and COX-2 in the extract from cultured three-spot seahorse (Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Novel hit of DPP-4Is as promising antihyperglycemic agents with dual antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects for type 2 diabetes with/without COVID-19.Bioorganic chemistry · 2022Article
- Exosomes released by breast cancer cells under mild hyperthermic stress possess immunogenic potential and modulate polarizationInternational journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2020Article
- Hetero-Polysaccharides Secreted fromIndian journal of microbiology · 2019Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Gingerol on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Inflammation · 2018Article
- Antioxidative dietary compounds modulate gene expression associated with apoptosis, DNA repair, inhibition of cell proliferation and migration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viili has been traditionally regarded as healthy food; viili exopolysaccharides (VEPS) function as antioxidants, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms, especially its immune functions, remain largely unclear. To assess VEPS's immunological roles, VEPS were separated by Sevage's method and purified by anion exchange chromatography. Cell proliferation, phagocytosis, releases of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and iNOS protein by Western blotting, and morphology by scanning electron microscopy in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/VEPS-stimulated and non-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were analyzed. VEPS increased cell proliferation at 50-200 μg/mL. The uptake of neutral red for the indication of phagocytosis and releases of NO, IL-6, and IL-1β were enhanced after exposure to LPS and VEPS. Gene expressions of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β and protein expressions of iNOS were increased with VEPS. The RAW264.7 cell treated with VEPS became flattened, a strong indication of the activation of macrophages. We concluded that VEPS promoted the activation of macrophages in which NO, IL-6, and IL-1β were involved; the release of NO and other cytokines may eventually activate lymphocytes, increasing nonspecific (innate) and specific immunity in humans.
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