ArticleEndocrinology2013
TGF-β effects on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion are mediated by PGE2 through activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Article in Endocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dairy Products: Is There an Impact on Promotion of Prostate Cancer? A Review of the Literature.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Pooled it
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- Ablation of prostaglandin ENature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- The dual pathological roles and targeted therapy of PGEFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Studies of New Naphthalene-1,4-Dione-Linked Phenylpiperazine and Thioether.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2025Article
- Roles and therapeutic potential of the SLC family in prostate cancer-literature review.BMC urology · 2025Review
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- Dopamine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein with an apparent Mr of 32000 promotes colorectal cancer growth.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- MFSD2A potentiates gastric cancer response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to activate T cell response.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2023Article
- PSMC4 promotes prostate carcinoma progression by regulating the CBX3-EGFR-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Specific prostaglandins are produced in the migratory cells and the surrounding substrate to promotebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- AKT2-mediated nuclear deformation leads to genome instability during epithelial-mesenchymal transition.iScience · 2023Article
- Integrated pancancer analysis reveals the oncogene characteristics and prognostic value of DIP2B in breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Specific prostaglandins are produced in the migratory cells and the surrounding substrate to promoteFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
TGF-β plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer. It exhibits both tumor suppressor and tumor-promoting activities. Correlations between cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 overexpression and enhanced production of prostaglandin (PG)E2 have been implicated in cancer progression; however, there are no studies indicating that TGF-β effects in prostate cancer cells involve PGE2 synthesis. In this study, we investigated TGF-β regulation of COX-1 and COX-2 expression in prostate cancer cells and whether the effects of TGF-β on cell proliferation and migration are mediated by PGE2. COX-1 protein was ubiquitously expressed in prostate cells; however, COX-2 protein levels were detected only in prostate cancer cells. TGF-β treatment increased COX-2 protein levels and PGE2 secretion in PC3 cells. Exogenous PGE2 and PGF2α had no effects on cell proliferation in LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 cells whereas PGE2 and TGF-β induced migration and invasive behavior in PC3 cells. Only EP2 and EP4 receptors were detected at mRNA levels in prostate cells. The EP4-targeting small interfering RNA inhibited PGE2 and TGF-β-induced migration of PC3 cells. TGF-β and PGE2 induce activation of PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway as indicated by increased AKT, p70S6K, and S6 phosphorylation. Rapamycin completely blocked the effects of TGF-β and PGE2 on phosphorylation of p70S6K and S6 but not on AKT phosphorylation. PGE2 and TGF-β induced phosphorylation of AKT, which was blocked by antagonists of PGE2 (EP4) receptors (L161982, AH23848) and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) in PC3 cells. Pretreatment with L161982 or AH23848 blocked the stimulatory effects of PGE2 and TGF-β on cell migration, whereas LY294002 or rapamycin completely eliminated PGE2, TGF-β, and epidermal growth factor-induced migration in PC3 cells. We conclude that TGF-β increases COX-2 levels and PGE2 secretion in prostate cancer cells which, in turn, mediate TGF-β effects on cell migration and invasion through the activation of PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.