ArticleBiomaterials2013
Macrophage functional polarization (M1/M2) in response to varying fiber and pore dimensions of electrospun scaffolds.
Article in Biomaterials, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 192 papers.
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Who cites it
192 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Human Macrophage Polarization Dynamics on a 3D Fibrous Polydioxanone Mesh In Vitro.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Engineering Smart Scaffolds for Osteomyelitis: Integrating Nanotechnology, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Regeneration-A Narrative Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional niche-like porous structure locoregionally regulating macrophage immunosenescence rejuvenates aged bone repair.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- POSS-PEG-NHS and GSH Cocrosslink DPAV to Prepare Anticalcification Bioprosthetic Scaffold With Enhanced Reendothelization, Anti-inflammation, and Anti-ROS.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Targeting Post-Irradiation Thyroid Dysfunction: Electrospun Scaffolds As A Dual-Action Approach for Antioxidant and Immune Modulation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- 3D Printing and Electrospinning of PLLA-ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Molecular Weight-Driven Tunable Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels Modulate Immune Polarization in Three-Dimensional Microenvironments.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Vaginal Mesh Exposure After Single-Incision vs Full-Length Midurethral Sling Placement: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Immuno-Instructive 3D Tendon Biomimetic Scaffolds Functionalized with Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cell Secretome for Controlled Inflammation and Targeted Macrophage Polarization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Poly-l-lactic acid electrospun membrane with specific morphology promotes bone regeneration through macrophage reprogramming.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Physical cues influence the construction of the osteoimmune microenvironment: focus on the hematoma period.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization regulates bone homeostasis: a potential etiology and therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sequential polarization of macrophages: an immunomodulatory strategy for novel bone repair materials.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Engineering macrophage responses through 3D scaffold microarchitecture.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Biocompatibility and structural insights of seaweed-derived cellulose scaffolds in a subcutaneous implantation model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Research Progress on Biomaterials with Immunomodulatory Effects in Bone Regeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Delivery Materials for Tissue Repair.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- 3D-Printed Microfluidic-Based Cell Culture System With Analysis to Investigate Macrophage Activation.Electrophoresis · 2025Article
132 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of fiber and pore size of an electrospun scaffold on the polarization of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦs) towards regenerative (M2) or inflammatory (M1) phenotypes. BMMΦs were seeded on Polydioxanone (PDO) scaffolds electrospun from varying polymer concentrations (60, 100, and 140 mg/ml). Higher polymer concentrations yielded larger diameter fibers with larger pore sizes and porosity. BMMΦ cultured on these scaffolds showed a correlation between increasing fiber/pore size and increased expression of the M2 marker Arginase 1 (Arg1), along with decreased expression of the M1 marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Secretion of the angiogenic cytokines VEGF, TGF-β1 and bFGF was higher among cultures employing larger fiber/pore size scaffolds (140 mg/ml). Using a 3D in vitro angiogenesis bead assay, we have demonstrated that the M2-like profile of BMMΦ induced by the 140 mg/ml is functional. Furthermore, our results show that the pore size of a scaffold is a more critical regulator of the BMMΦ polarization compared to the fiber diameter. The study also shows a potential role for MyD88 in regulating M1 BMMΦ signaling on the large vs. small fiber/pore size PDO scaffold. These data are instructive for the rationale design of implantable prosthetics designed to promote in situ regeneration.
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