ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2013
Comparative efficacy of two leading candidate ricin toxin a subunit vaccines in mice.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ricin as a Biothreat Agent: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Toxicology, Forensic Aspects, and Risk Mitigation.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- The Search for Antidotes Against Ricin.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Post-Exposure Anti-Ricin Treatment Protects Swine Against Lethal Systemic and Pulmonary Exposures.Toxins · 2020Article
- Passive immunization with an extended half-life monoclonal antibody protects Rhesus macaques against aerosolized ricin toxin.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Article
- Alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) enhances vaccine-induced protection in a model of ricin intoxication.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Article
- High-Definition Mapping of Four Spatially Distinct Neutralizing Epitope Clusters on RiVax, a Candidate Ricin Toxin Subunit Vaccine.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Using homology modeling to interrogate binding affinity in neutralization of ricin toxin by a family of single domain antibodies.Proteins · 2017Article
- Potent Antiedematous and Protective Effects of Ciprofloxacin in Pulmonary Ricinosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Humanized Monoclonal Antibody That Passively Protects Mice against Systemic and Intranasal Ricin Toxin Challenge.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Article
- Progress and challenges associated with the development of ricin toxin subunit vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2016Review
- Recent advances in the development of vaccines against ricin.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Article
- Novel Ricin Subunit Antigens With Enhanced Capacity to Elicit Toxin-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Mice.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2016Article
- Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies against Disparate Epitopes on Ricin Toxin's Enzymatic Subunit Interfere with Intracellular Toxin Transport.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Toxins as biological weapons for terror-characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review.Disaster and military medicine · 2016Review
- Comparative Adjuvant Effects of Type II Heat-Labile Enterotoxins in Combination with Two Different Candidate Ricin Toxin Vaccine Antigens.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- Combination of two candidate subunit vaccine antigens elicits protective immunity to ricin and anthrax toxin in mice.Vaccine · 2015Article
- A novel recombinant vaccine protecting mice against abrin intoxication.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- A tripartite cocktail of chimeric monoclonal antibodies passively protects mice against ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B and Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin.Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2014Article
- Crystal structures of ricin toxin's enzymatic subunit (RTA) in complex with neutralizing and non-neutralizing single-chain antibodies.Journal of molecular biology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The two leading ricin toxin vaccine candidates, RVEc and RiVax, are recombinant derivatives of the toxin's 267-amino-acid enzymatic A chain (RTA). RVEc is truncated at the C terminus (residues 199 to 267) to improve protein thermostability, while RiVax has two point mutations (V76M and Y80A) that eliminate the RNA N-glycosidase activity of RTA, as well as its ability to induce vascular leak syndrome. The two vaccines have never been directly compared in terms of their ability to stimulate RTA-specific antibodies (Abs), toxin-neutralizing activity (TNA), or protective immunity. To address this issue, groups of female BALB/c mice were immunized two or three times with Alhydrogel-adsorbed RiVax or RVEc at a range of doses (0.3 to 20 μg) and then challenged with 10 50% lethal doses (LD(50)s) of ricin. We found that the vaccines were equally effective at eliciting protective immunity at the doses tested. There were, however, quantitative differences in the antibody responses. RVEc tended to elicit higher levels of ricin-specific RTA IgG and TNA than did RiVax. Pepscan analysis revealed that serum Abs elicited by RVEc were skewed toward a solvent-exposed immunodominant α-helix known to be the target of potent toxin-neutralizing Abs. Finally, immunodepletion experiments suggest that the majority of toxin-neutralizing Abs elicited by RiVax were confined to residues 1 to 198, possibly explaining the equal effectiveness of RVEc as a vaccine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.