SynthesisJournal of human hypertension2013
Intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to blood pressure: a meta-analysis of observational and intervention studies.
Synthesis in Journal of human hypertension, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Quantity and Type of Dietary Protein on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Using Standard and Network Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary protein and blood pressure: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and evaluation of the evidence.European journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Relative Protein Intake and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Renal Health in Healthy Individuals Associated with Protein Intake above the US Recommended Daily Allowance in Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Pooled it
- Fruit and vegetables consumption and incident hypertension: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Journal of human hypertension · 2016Pooled it
- Hemp seed protein and its hydrolysate compared with casein protein consumption in adults with hypertension: a double-blind crossover study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Effect of high compared with low dairy intake on blood pressure in overweight middle-aged adults: results of a randomized crossover intervention study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Associations of higher protein intake with diet quality and diabetes-related metabolic health indicators in Korean adults without diabetes: analysis of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2019-2021.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Vegetarian Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Review
- Article
- Association between Protein Intake and the Risk of Hypertension among Chinese Men and Women: A Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Renal and dietary factors associated with hypertension in a setting of disadvantage in rural India.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Article
- The long-term association of different dietary protein sources with metabolic syndrome.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality.JAMA internal medicine · 2020Article
- Identification of High-Risk Pregnancies in a Remote Setting Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure: The MINDI Cohort.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Impact of a high-protein diet during lactation on milk composition and offspring in a pig model.European journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- Protein Quantity and Source, Fasting-Mimicking Diets, and Longevity.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Review
- Animal and Plant Protein Sources and Cardiometabolic Health.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies that dietary protein may beneficially influence blood pressure (BP), but findings are inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis of 29 observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary protein and types of protein in relation to BP or incident hypertension, published until January 2012. The analysis included eight cross-sectional studies (n=48 985), four prospective studies (n=11 761) and 17 RCTs (n=1449). A modest inverse association between total protein intake and BP (-0.20 mm Hg systolic (95% CI: -0.39, -0.01) per 25 g (∼1 s.d.)) was found in cross-sectional studies, but not in prospective studies (relative risk of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.02)). For RCTs that used carbohydrate as a control treatment, the pooled BP effect was -2.11 mm Hg systolic (95% CI: -2.86, -1.37) for a weighed mean contrast in protein intake of 41 g per day. A non-significant inverse association of -0.52 mm Hg systolic (95% CI: -1.10, +0.05) per 11 g (∼1 s.d.) was found for plant protein in cross-sectional studies, whereas animal protein was not associated with BP. In prospective studies and RCTs, however, the associations of plant protein and animal protein with BP were broadly similar. These findings suggest that increasing the intake of protein at the expense of carbohydrates may have a beneficial effect on BP. The BP effect of specific types of protein remains to be established.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.