ReviewExpert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology2013
Clinical pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in older persons.
Review in Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Drugs in Older People Living with HIV, Part II: Drugs Licensed Before 2005.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Drugs in Older People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2023Pooled it
- Pharmacogenetic Analysis of the Model-Based Pharmacokinetics of Five Anti-HIV Drugs: How Does This Influence the Effect of Aging?Clinical and translational science · 2018Trial
- Population Pharmacokinetics Modeling of Unbound Efavirenz, Atazanavir, and Ritonavir in HIV-Infected Subjects With Aging Biomarkers.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2017Trial
- Genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Peruvian military personnel during one year of follow-upBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Individualizing Antiretroviral Therapy in the Older Patient.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Article
- Impact of gastric and bowel surgery on gastrointestinal drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Review
- Evidence for Implementation: Management of TB in HIV and Pregnancy.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Current Considerations for Clinical Management and Care of People with HIV: Findings from the 11th Annual International HIV and Aging Workshop.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Article
- Clinical Safety Considerations of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors in the Older Population Living with HIV.Drugs & aging · 2021Review
- Delirium in COVID-19 patients: a multicentric observational study in Italy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Observational
- Psychomotor agitation and hyperactive delirium in COVID-19 patients treated with aripiprazole 9.75 mg/1.3 ml immediate release.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Impact of Efavirenz Metabolism on Loss to Care in Older HIV+ Africans.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2019Observational
- Review
- Developing a Bayesian adaptive design for a phase I clinical trial: a case study for a novel HIV treatment.Statistics in medicine · 2017Article
- Aging in HIV-Infected Subjects: A New Scenario and a New View.BioMed research international · 2017Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus in institutionalized elderly people.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2016Article
- Hypoxia/oxidative stress alters the pharmacokinetics of CPU86017-RS through mitochondrial dysfunction and NADPH oxidase activation.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCombination antiretroviral therapy has enabled HIV-infected persons to reach older ages in high numbers. Hepatic and renal changes that normally occur with advancing age occur earlier and with higher incidence in HIV-infected individuals. A limited number of prospective controlled studies have demonstrated small reductions (17 to 41%) in lopinavir, atazanavir and lamivudine clearance in older versus younger adults. A much larger number of retrospective studies in adults (age range ∼ 20 to 60 years), including all antiretroviral drugs, have evaluated age as a covariate for pharmacokinetics. Most studies did not detect substantial associations between drug exposures and age. AREAS COVERED: This review summarizes antiretroviral drug pharmacokinetics in older persons. The authors review articles from PubMed (search terms: elderly, antiretroviral, pharmacokinetics) in addition to the bibliographies of those selected. EXPERT OPINION: The evidence to date does not support major pharmacokinetic changes in adults between ∼ 20 and 60 years of age. However, additional prospective, well-controlled studies are needed in more persons > 60 years, including those with frailty and comorbidities, with assessment of unbound drug clearance, and incorporation of adherence, pharmacogenetics and concomitant medications. Until then, guidelines for drug-drug interactions and dosing in renal and hepatic impairment should be followed in older HIV-infected individuals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.