ArticleCell proliferation2013
Tocotrienols promote apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by inducing poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B activity.
Article in Cell proliferation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- NFKB1 as a key player in Tumor biology: from mechanisms to therapeutic implications.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- A new formulation of Gamma Delta Tocotrienol has superior bioavailability compared to existing Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in healthy human subjects.Scientific reports · 2015Trial
- Reactive Oxygen Species in Breast Cancer: From Redox Dysregulation to ROS-Responsive Therapeutics.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis by Gamma- or Delta-Tocotrienols in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Anticancer Activity of Plant Tocotrienols, Fucoxanthin, Fucoidan, and Polyphenols in Dietary Supplements.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Role of Vitamin E Isoforms and Metabolites in Cancer Prevention: Mechanistic Insights into Sphingolipid Metabolism Modulation.Nutrients · 2024Review
- α-Tocotrienol Protects Neurons by Preventing Tau Hyperphosphorylation via Inhibiting Microtubule Affinity-Regulating Kinase Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Anticancer Activity ofAnti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- An Update on Tamoxifen and the Chemo-Preventive Potential of Vitamin E in Breast Cancer Management.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Preventative and therapeutic potential of tocotrienols on musculoskeletal diseases in ageing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Anticancer Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol, Delta-Tocotrienol and Gamma-Tocotrienol on Chondrosarcoma Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol.BioFactors (Oxford, England) · 2022Review
- Are Vitamin E Supplementation Beneficial for Female Gynaecology Health and Diseases?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Clinically Relevant Genes and Proteins Modulated by Tocotrienols in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Systematic Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Reduced infiltration of regulatory T cells in tumours from mice fed daily with gamma-tocotrienol supplementation.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Beta-Tocotrienol Exhibits More Cytotoxic Effects than Gamma-Tocotrienol on Breast Cancer Cells by Promoting Apoptosis via a P53-Independent PI3-Kinase Dependent Pathway.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Vitamin E and cancer: an update on the emerging role of γ and δ tocotrienols.European journal of nutrition · 2020Review
- Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Diversity of Chromanol and Chromenol Structures and Functions: An Emerging Class of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Carcinogenic Agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTocotrienols and tocopherols are members of the vitamin E family, with similar structures; however, only tocotrienols have been reported to achieve potent anti-cancer effects. The study described here has evaluated anti-cancer activity of vitamin E to elucidate mechanisms of cell death, using human breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND
methodsAnti-cancer activity of a tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and a tocotrienol-enriched fraction (TEF) isolated from palm oil, as well as pure vitamin E analogues (α-tocopherol, α-, δ- and γ-tocotrienols) were studied using highly aggressive triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells and oestrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells, both of human breast cancer cell lines. Cell population growth was evaluated using a Coulter particle counter. Cell death mechanism, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and levels of NF-κB were determined using commercial ELISA kits.
resultsTocotrienols exerted potent anti-proliferative effects on both types of cell by inducing apoptosis, the underlying mechanism of cell death being ascertained using respective IC50 concentrations of all test compounds. There was marked induction of apoptosis in both cell lines by tocotrienols compared to treatment with Paclitaxel, which was used as positive control. This activity was found to be associated with cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (a DNA repair protein), demonstrating involvement of the apoptotic cell death signalling pathway. Tocotrienols also inhibited expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which in turn can increase sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis.
conclusionTocotrienols induced anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in association with DNA fragmentation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and NF-κB inhibition in the two human breast cancer cell lines.
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