ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2013
Inflammation induced by MMP-9 enhances tumor regression of experimental breast cancer.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophils in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Attenuation of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced neurotoxicity by telmisartan, ertugliflozin, and omaveloxolone through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway modulation: In vivo and in silico insights.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Article
- A multifaceted examination of the action of PDE4 inhibitor rolipram on MMP2/9 reveals therapeutic implications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinase-9: A Key Diagnostic Biomarker in Cancer Progression.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- IRF5 suppresses metastasis through the regulation of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and pre-metastatic niche formation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The regulatory roles and clinical significance of glycolysis in tumor.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Review
- EBV promotes TCR-T-cell therapy resistance by inducing CD163+M2 macrophage polarization and MMP9 secretion.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Hic-5 regulates extracellular matrix-associated gene expression and cytokine secretion in cancer associated fibroblasts.Experimental cell research · 2024Article
- The peritumor microenvironment: physics and immunity.Trends in cancer · 2023Review
- Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The multifaceted roles of matrix metalloproteinases in lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Article
- MMP9: A Tough Target for Targeted Therapy for Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- The immunomodulatory role of matrix metalloproteinases in colitis-associated cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Experimental study on preparation and anti-tumor efficiency of nanoparticles targeting M2 macrophages.Drug delivery · 2021Article
- Review
- Therapeutic targeting of SPIB/SPI1-facilitated interplay of cancer cells and neutrophils inhibits aerobic glycolysis and cancer progression.Clinical and translational medicine · 2021Article
- Tumor Associated Macrophages, as the Dominant Immune Cells, Are an Indispensable Target for Immunologically Cold Tumor-Glioma Therapy?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been suggested as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment, but broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors have failed in clinical trials. Recent data suggest that several MMPs including MMP-9 exert both pro- and antitumorigenic properties. This is also the case of the natural inhibitors of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The inhibitor of MMP-9 is TIMP-1, and high levels of this enzyme have been associated with decreased survival in breast cancer. Inflammation is one hallmark of cancer progression, and MMPs/TIMPs may be involved in the local immune regulation. We investigated the role of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in regulating innate antitumor immunity in breast cancer. Breast cancers were established in nude mice and treated with intratumoral injections of adenoviruses carrying the human TIMP-1 or MMP-9 gene (AdMMP-9). In vivo microdialysis for sampling of cancer cell-derived (human) and stroma-derived (murine) proteins, immunostainings, as well as cell cultures were performed. We report a dose-dependent decrease of tumor growth and angiogenesis after AdMMP-9 treatment. In addition to increased generation of endostatin, AdMMP-9 promoted an antitumor immune response by inducing massive neutrophil infiltration. Neutrophil depletion prior to gene transfer abolished the therapeutic effects of AdMMP-9. Additionally, AdMMP-9 activated tumor-infiltrating macrophages into a tumor-inhibiting phenotype both in vivo and in vitro. AdMMP-9 also inhibited tumor growth in immune-competent mice bearing breast cancers. Adenoviruses carrying the human TIMP-1 gene had no effect on tumor growth or the immune response. Our novel data identify MMP-9 as a potent player in modulating the innate immune response into antitumor activities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.