ArticlePediatrics2013
The impact of parental incarceration on the physical and mental health of young adults.
Article in Pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 298 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Prison Walls: A Scoping Review of Incarceration's Public Health Impacts in Latin America.Wellcome open research · 2026Pooled it
- Parental Preconception Adversity and Offspring Mental Health in African Americans and Native Americans in the United States: A Systematic Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Pooled it
- Health consequences of paternal incarceration using a future-treated control group.Health & justice · 2026Article
- Development and pilot testing of a risk assessment checklist for children of incarcerated parents in Hong Kong.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Article
- Do local geographic characteristics moderate the association between familial incarceration and adolescent depression and anxiety?BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Incarceration and Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits Among Black Americans.The Milbank quarterly · 2025Article
- Protocol: The Impact of Parental Incarceration on Families Affected: An Evidence and Gap Map: A Systematic Review.Campbell systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Mothering from the margins: lived experiences of incarcerated substance-abusing mothers and the developmental risks faced by their children in Sri Lanka.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Medical provider perspectives on children with incarcerated parents: A mixed-methods study.Dialogues in health · 2025Article
- Birth outcomes of individuals who have experienced incarceration during pregnancy.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Family incarceration and adolescent nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use: A coarsened exact matching approach.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Parental imprisonment, childhood behavioral problems, and adolescent and young adult cardiometabolic risk: results from a prospective Australian birth cohort study.Health & justice · 2025Article
- The impact of maternal versus paternal imprisonment on their children's health: A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Childhood Exposure to Interparental Physical Violence and Adult Cardiovascular Disease.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Prevalence of child maltreatment in a nationwide sample of 18 to 31 year-olds in Germany.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Racial Disparities in the Relationship between Parental Incarceration and Childhood Obesity.Population research and policy review · 2024Article
- Disrupting the Family Stress-Proximal Process: A Scoping Review of Interventions for Children with Incarcerated Parents.Children and youth services review · 2024Article
- Parental absence as an adverse childhood experience among young adults in sub-Saharan Africa.Child abuse & neglect · 2024Article
- Relationships between sleep duration and health among U.S. adults with a history of household incarceration during childhood.The American journal of orthopsychiatry · 2024Article
- Parental incarceration in childhood and violent delinquent behaviors in adulthood: Race/ethnicity and sex differences.Journal of family trauma, child custody & child development · 2024Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe investigated the relationship between parental incarceration history and young adult physical and mental health outcomes using Wave 1 and Wave 4 data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.
methodsDependent variables included self-reported fair/poor health and health diagnoses. The independent variable was parental incarceration history. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression models were run.
resultsPositive, significant associations were found between parental incarceration and 8 of 16 health problems (depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, cholesterol, asthma, migraines, HIV/AIDS, and fair/poor health) in adjusted logistic regression models. Those who reported paternal incarceration had increased odds of 8 mental and physical health problems, whereas those who reported maternal incarceration had increased odds of depression. For paternal incarceration, with the exception of HIV/AIDS, larger associations were found for mental health (odds ratios range 1.43-1.72) as compared with physical health (odds ratios range 1.26-1.31) problems. The association between paternal incarceration and HIV/AIDs should be interpreted with caution because of the low sample prevalence of HIV/AIDs.
conclusionsThis study suggests exposure to parental incarceration in childhood is associated with health problems in young adulthood. Extant literature suggests underlying mechanisms that link parental incarceration history to poor outcomes in offspring may include the lack of safe, stable, nurturing relationships and exposure to violence. To prevent poor health in offspring of the incarcerated, additional studies are needed to (1) confirm the aforementioned associations and (2) assess whether adverse experiences and violence exposure in childhood mediate the relationship between parental incarceration history and offspring health problems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.