ArticleInfection and immunity2013
CD40 induces anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity in nonhematopoietic cells dependent on autophagy proteins.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of autophagy in protozoan infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Exploring the Causal Association Between 91 Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization and Bioinformatics Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Src signaling induces autophagic killing of Toxoplasma gondii via PTEN-mediated deactivation of Akt.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis is associated with interferon-gamma deficiency possibly due to genetic origin.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Immunity to Cryptosporidium: insights into principles of enteric responses to infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- CD40 Upregulation in the Retina of Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy: Association With TRAF2/TRAF6 Upregulation and Inflammatory Molecule Expression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Concurrent Ocular and Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in a Liver Transplant Patient Treated with Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Autophagy in protists and their hosts: When, how and why?Autophagy reports · 2023Article
- Immunity to Cryptosporidium: Lessons from Acquired and Primary Immunodeficiencies.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Modulation of autophagy as a therapeutic strategy forFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Impact of IFN-y and CD40 signalling on Toxoplasma gondii cyst formation in differentiated Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells.Parasite immunology · 2022Article
- The role of SIRT1 in the process ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Toxoplasma gondii infection and its implications within the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- IL-33 promotes innate lymphoid cell-dependent IFN-γ production required for innate immunity toeLife · 2021Article
- Recent Advances in the Roles of Autophagy and Autophagy Proteins in Host Cells DuringFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- The Host Autophagy DuringFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Influence of the Host and Parasite Strain on the Immune Response DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Article
- The role of host autophagy machinery in controllingVirulence · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infects both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and can cause cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis, as a result of either congenital or postnatally acquired infections. Host protection likely acts at both cellular levels to control the parasite. CD40 is a key factor for protection against cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis. We determined if CD40 induces anti-T. gondii activity at the level of nonhematopoietic cells. Engagement of CD40 on various endothelial cells including human microvascular brain endothelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and a mouse endothelial cell line as well as human and mouse retinal pigment epithelial cells resulted in killing of T. gondii. CD40 stimulation increased expression of the autophagy proteins Beclin 1 and LC3 II, enhanced autophagy flux, and led to recruitment of LC3 around the parasite. The late endosomal/lysosomal marker LAMP-1 accumulated around the parasite in CD40-stimulated cells. This was accompanied by killing of T. gondii dependent on lysosomal enzymes. Accumulation of LAMP-1 and killing of T. gondii were dependent on the autophagy proteins Beclin 1 and Atg7. Together, these studies revealed that CD40 induces toxoplasmacidal activity in various nonhematopoietic cells dependent on proteins of the autophagy machinery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.