ReviewASN neuro2013
Neuroimmunological processes in Parkinson's disease and their relation to α-synuclein: microglia as the referee between neuronal processes and peripheral immunity.
Review in ASN neuro, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of PET imaging studies.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Herbal Bioactives Targeting Rho GTPases: A Multi-Targeted Strategy for Mitigating Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Live cell imaging of exogenous α-synuclein fibrils in primary microglia and neuron co-cultures.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Osmotin-derived 9-amino-acid peptide alleviates α-synuclein and MPTP-induced glial cell activation mediated neuroinflammation, protecting dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease mice brain.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of T-Cell Signatures and Astroglial Reactivity in Parkinson's Pathology Across Animal Models with Distinct Regenerative Capacities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Longitudinal biomarker studies in human neuroimaging: capturing biological change of Alzheimer's pathology.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Review
- Moyamoya Disease and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Biology, Pathology, and Targeted Therapy of Exosomal Cargoes in Parkinson's Disease: Advances and Challenges.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Rebamipide (Mucosta®), a clinically approved drug, alleviates neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a Parkinson's disease model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- (Dys)regulation of the Immune System in Parkinson's Disease: Methodologies, Techniques, and Key Findings from Human Studies.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Utilizing Human Brain Organoids to Study Neuroinflammation in Neurological Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- The potential link between the development of Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Neuromodulation influences T lymphocyte calcium signaling and alpha synuclein clearance: implications for Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Review
- Unraveling the Intricacies of OPG/RANKL/RANK Biology and Its Implications in Neurological Disorders-A Comprehensive Literature Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Factors derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells reverse neurological deficits in a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
- Chronic Cocaine Use and Parkinson's Disease: An Interpretative Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Assessing serum anti-nuclear antibodies HEp-2 patterns in synucleinopathies.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- The raphe nuclei are the early lesion site of gastricActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of neuroinflammation and the adaptive immune system in PD (Parkinson's disease) has been the subject of intense investigation in recent years, both in animal models of parkinsonism and in post-mortem PD brains. However, how these processes relate to and modulate α-syn (α-synuclein) pathology and microglia activation is still poorly understood. Specifically, how the peripheral immune system interacts, regulates and/or is induced by neuroinflammatory processes taking place during PD is still undetermined. We present herein a comprehensive review of the features and impact that neuroinflamation has on neurodegeneration in different animal models of nigral cell death, how this neuroinflammation relates to microglia activation and the way microglia respond to α-syn in vivo. We also discuss a possible role for the peripheral immune system in animal models of parkinsonism, how these findings relate to the state of microglia activation observed in these animal models and how these findings compare with what has been observed in humans with PD. Together, the available data points to the need for development of dual therapeutic strategies that modulate microglia activation to change not only the way microglia interact with the peripheral immune system, but also to modulate the manner in which microglia respond to encounters with α-syn. Lastly, we discuss the immune-modulatory strategies currently under investigation in animal models of parkinsonism and the degree to which one might expect their outcomes to translate faithfully to a clinical setting.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.