ArticlePloS one2013
A prospective study of tobacco smoking and mortality in Bangladesh.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- The waterpipe smoking and human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 191 observational studies.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Cancer risk in waterpipe smokers: a meta-analysis.International journal of public health · 2017Pooled it
- Waterpipe smoking and risk of cardiovascular disease mortality: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Nicotine-containing products and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms and global health implications.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Mortality and morbidity burden associated with smoking: evidence from a 1.6 million cohort in Hong Kong.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of narghile use on oral health: a comparative cross-sectional study.Brazilian dental journal · 2026Article
- Impact of global smoking prevalence on mortality: a study across income groups.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Examining the influence of global smoking prevalence on stroke mortality: insights from 27 countries across income strata.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Dose-response risks of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality according to sex-specific cigarette smoking pack-year quantiles.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Predictive Factors of Stages of Change in Hookah Smoking Cessation Among Iranian Adults Based on the Transtheoretical Model.Addiction & health · 2023Article
- Compliance with smoke-free legislation in public places: An observational study in a northeast city of Bangladesh.PloS one · 2023Article
- Exercise Training Attenuates Cardiac Vulnerability and Promotes Cardiac Resistance to Isoproterenol-Induced Injury Following Hookah Smoke Inhalation in Male Rats: Role of Klotho and Sirtuins.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2022Article
- Changes in prevalence, and factors associated with tobacco use among Bangladeshi school students: evidence from two nationally representative surveys.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes.European heart journal · 2020Review
- The Association Between Smoking and Gut Microbiome in Bangladesh.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Waterpipe (shisha, hookah) smoking, oxidative stress and hidden disease potential.Redox biology · 2020Review
- Swimming Exercise Training Attenuates the Lung Inflammatory Response and Injury Induced by Exposing to Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke.Addiction & health · 2020Article
- Delphi study among international expert panel to develop waterpipe-specific health warning labels.Tobacco control · 2020Article
- Waterpipe smoking: the pressing need for risk communication.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2019Review
- The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLimited data are available on smoking-related mortality in low-income countries, where both chronic disease burden and prevalence of smoking are increasing.
methodsUsing data on 20,033 individuals in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Bangladesh, we prospectively evaluated the association between tobacco smoking and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality during ∼7.6 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for deaths from all-cause, cancer, CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke, in relation to status, duration, and intensity of cigarette/bidi and hookah smoking.
resultsAmong men, cigarette/bidi smoking was positively associated with all-cause (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06 1.86) and cancer mortality (HR 2.91, 1.24 6.80), and there was a dose-response relationship between increasing intensity of cigarette/bidi consumption and increasing mortality. An elevated risk of death from ischemic heart disease (HR 1.87, 1.08 3.24) was associated with current cigarette/bidi smoking. Among women, the corresponding HRs were 1.65 (95% CI 1.16 2.36) for all-cause mortality and 2.69 (95% CI 1.20 6.01) for ischemic heart disease mortality. Similar associations were observed for hookah smoking. There was a trend towards reduced risk for the mortality outcomes with older age at onset of cigarette/bidi smoking and increasing years since quitting cigarette/bibi smoking among men. We estimated that cigarette/bidi smoking accounted for about 25.0% of deaths in men and 7.6% in women.
conclusionsTobacco smoking was responsible for substantial proportion of premature deaths in the Bangladeshi population, especially among men. Stringent measures of tobacco control and cessation are needed to reduce tobacco-related deaths in Bangladesh.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.