ArticlePloS one2013
Evaluation of construct and criterion validity for the 'Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs' (LOAD) clinical metrology instrument and comparison to two other instruments.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic Review of Outcome Measures Reported in Clinical Canine Osteoarthritis Research.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2016Pooled it
- Piclidenoson, an A3 adenosine receptor agonist, demonstrates clinical benefit in canine osteoarthritis: a pilot study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Trial
- The Use of Functional Data Analysis to Evaluate Activity in a Spontaneous Model of Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Pain in Cats.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Evaluation of Clinical Metrology Instrument in Dogs with Osteoarthritis.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2016Trial
- A canine-specific anti-nerve growth factor antibody alleviates pain and improves mobility and function in dogs with degenerative joint disease-associated pain.BMC veterinary research · 2015Trial
- Comparative efficacy and safety of mavacoxib and carprofen in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis.The Veterinary record · 2015Trial
- Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, registration field trial evaluating izenivetmab, a caninized anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, administered quarterly to dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of underwater treadmill rehabilitation following femoral head and neck ostectomy in dogs: A prospective controlled pilot study.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Trochlear ridge reconstruction using a patient-specific three-dimensionally printed titanium implant in a dog with severe unilateral trochlear deformity and complex femoral deformity: a long-term follow-up case report.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Initial psychometric evaluation of the Korean version of the Canine Brief Pain Inventory for canine osteoarthritis.Journal of veterinary science · 2026Article
- Safety pin tie-in external skeletal fixation in pediatric feline and canine humeral/femoral fractures: 3 cases.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2026Article
- Comparison of arthroscopy- and fluoroscopy-assisted minimally invasive approaches for acetabular fracture repair in dogs: An ex vivo study.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2026Article
- Gait, skin and coat, and plasma cytokine changes in response to exercise and trace mineral source.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of clinical effects and plasma metabolomic profiles after the administration of grapiprant in dogs affected by osteoarthritis: a prospective, off-on-off, clinical study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Porous tibial tuberosity advancement without using flange for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs-a clinical pilot study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- From dyadic deco-construction to reco-construction: a framework for the human-osteoarthritic dog relationship.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Acute pain sign recognition by dog owners in a home setting.PloS one · 2026Article
- Structured therapeutic exercise program effect on PROM and muscle mass in dogs with osteoarthritis: a prospective clinical study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The Combined Application of Intra-Articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections and Photobiomodulation Improves Clinical Outcomes in Dogs with Osteoarthritis-Results of a Long-Term, Double-Blinded, Crossover Study.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Creation of the European Portuguese version of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale - short form (CMPS-SF) and initial psychometric evaluation.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo test the 'Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs' (LOAD) questionnaire for construct and criterion validity, and to similarly test the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI) and the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI).
designProspective Study. ANIMALS: 222 dogs with osteoarthritis. PROCEDURE: Osteoarthritis was diagnosed in a cohort of dogs on the basis of clinical history and orthopedic examination. Force-platform analysis was performed and a "symmetry index" for peak vertical force (PVF) was calculated. Owners completed LOAD, CBPI and HCPI instruments. As a test of construct validity, inter-instrument correlations were calculated. As a test of criterion validity, the correlations between instrument scores and PVF symmetry scores were calculated. Additionally, internal consistency of all instruments was calculated and compared to those previously reported. Factor analysis is reported for the first time for LOAD, and is compared to that previously reported for CBPI and HCPI.
resultsSignificant moderate correlations were found between all instruments, implying construct validity for all instruments. Significant weak correlations were found between LOAD scores and PVF symmetry index, and between CBPI scores and PVF symmetry index. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: LOAD is an owner-completed clinical metrology instrument that can be recommended for the measurement of canine osteoarthritis. It is convenient to use, validated and, as demonstrated here for the first time, has a correlation with force-platform data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.