ArticlePLoS genetics2013
HIV infection disrupts the sympatric host-pathogen relationship in human tuberculosis.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular epidemiology of M. tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019Pooled it
- Epidemiology of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Global variation in bacterial strains that cause tuberculosis disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Acquired Rifamycin and Isoniazid Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- A systematic review of East African-Indian family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Brazil.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesPooled it
- Trial
- Migration and tuberculosis transmission in Hamburg, Germany: insights from 25 years of molecular epidemiology.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Human genetic ancestry,eLife · 2026Article
- Phylodynamic analysis reveals disparate transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages in Botswana.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ecology, global diversity and evolutionary mechanisms in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Genetic Characterization and Population Structure of Drug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bacterial diversity dominates variable macrophage responses of tuberculosis patients in Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Back-to-Africa introductions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the main cause of tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Fine-grain population structure and transmission patterns ofMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Biodiversity ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Evolutionary Genetics ofMicroorganisms · 2021Review
- Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages and strain clustering within urban and peri-urban settings in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2021Article
- Genetic Diversity inAnnual review of genetics · 2020Review
- Phylogenetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in two geographically distinct locations in Botswana - The Kopanyo Study.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The phylogeographic population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis suggests local adaptation to sympatric human populations. We hypothesized that HIV infection, which induces immunodeficiency, will alter the sympatric relationship between M. tuberculosis and its human host. To test this hypothesis, we performed a nine-year nation-wide molecular-epidemiological study of HIV-infected and HIV-negative patients with tuberculosis (TB) between 2000 and 2008 in Switzerland. We analyzed 518 TB patients of whom 112 (21.6%) were HIV-infected and 233 (45.0%) were born in Europe. We found that among European-born TB patients, recent transmission was more likely to occur in sympatric compared to allopatric host-pathogen combinations (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 7.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21-infinity, p = 0.03). HIV infection was significantly associated with TB caused by an allopatric (as opposed to sympatric) M. tuberculosis lineage (OR 7.0, 95% CI 2.5-19.1, p<0.0001). This association remained when adjusting for frequent travelling, contact with foreigners, age, sex, and country of birth (adjusted OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.5-20.8, p = 0.01). Moreover, it became stronger with greater immunosuppression as defined by CD4 T-cell depletion and was not the result of increased social mixing in HIV-infected patients. Our observation was replicated in a second independent panel of 440 M. tuberculosis strains collected during a population-based study in the Canton of Bern between 1991 and 2011. In summary, these findings support a model for TB in which the stable relationship between the human host and its locally adapted M. tuberculosis is disrupted by HIV infection.
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