Trial reportObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2013
Metformin modifies the exercise training effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in impaired glucose tolerant adults.
Trial report in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03355469 (Exercise Dose and Metformin for Vascular Health in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exercise Dose and Metformin for Vascular Health in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on cardiorespiratory fitness capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of metformin on blood lipid profiles in nondiabetic adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Endocrine · 2020Pooled it
- Metformin attenuates metabolic insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation after high-intensity exercise training in adults at risk for metabolic syndrome.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Metformin Alters Exercise Training Induced Blood Pressure and Aortic Waveform Adaptations in Adults at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Trial
- Effects of Metformin on Left Ventricular Size and Function in Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Phase IV Trial.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2020Trial
- Optimizing the Interaction of Exercise Volume and Metformin to Induce a Clinically Significant Reduction in Metabolic Syndrome Severity: A Randomised Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Personalized Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances Training Responsiveness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Reduced Exertion High-Intensity Interval Training is More Effective at Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health than Traditional Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Effect of intensive lifestyle modification & metformin on cardiovascular risk in prediabetes: A pilot randomized control trial.The Indian journal of medical research · 2018Trial
- Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Severity Following Individualized Versus Standardized Exercise Prescription: A Feasibility Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Trial
- C-Reactive Protein and Resistance Exercise in Community Dwelling Old Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2015Trial
- The effects of metformin and exercise training on cardiorespiratory, blood pressure, and metabolic adaptations across the spectrum of glucose dysregulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Dual modulation of atherosclerosis by exercise and metformin: convergent pathways, divergent outcomes, and therapeutic potential.Clinical hypertension · 2025Review
- The potential blunting effect of metformin and/or statin therapy on physical activity-induced associations with HbA1c in type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Geroprotector drugs and exercise: friends or foes on healthy longevity?BMC biology · 2023Review
- Exercise precision medicine for type 2 diabetes: Targeted benefit or risk?Sports medicine and health science · 2023Article
- Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Effects ofNutrients · 2022Article
- Effects of chronic metformin treatment on training adaptations in men and women with hyperglycemia: A prospective study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
- Interaction Between Non-Insulin Glucose-Lowering Medication and Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - New Findings on SGLT2 Inhibitors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Exercise-Pharmacology Interactions: Metformin, Statins, and Healthspan.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledImpaired glucose tolerant (IGT) adults are at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise or metformin reduce CVD risk, but the efficacy of combining treatments is unclear.
objectiveTo determine the effects of exercise training plus metformin (EM), compared with each treatment alone, on CVD risk factors in IGT adults. DESIGN AND
methodsSubjects were assigned to placebo (P), metformin (M), exercise training plus placebo (EP), or EM (8/group). In a double-blind design, P or 2,000 mg/d of M were administered for 12 weeks and half performed aerobic and resistance training 3 days/week for ≈ 60 min/day at 70% pretraining heart rate peak. Outcomes included adiposity, blood pressure (BP), lipids, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Z-scores were calculated to determine metabolic syndrome severity.
resultsM and EM, but not EP, decreased body weight compared with P (P < 0.05). M and EP lowered systolic blood pressure by 6% (P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure by 6% (P < 0.05), and hs-CRP by 20% (M: trend P = 0.06; EP: P < 0.05) compared with P. Treatments raised high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05; EM: trend P = 0.06) compared with P and lowered triacyglycerol (P < 0.05) and metabolic syndrome Z-score compared with baseline (EP; trend P = 0.07 and EM or M; P < 0.05).
conclusionsAlthough exercise and/or metformin improve some CVD risk factors, only training or metformin alone lowered hs-CRP and BP. Thus, metformin may attenuate the effects of training on some CVD risk factors and metabolic syndrome severity in IGT adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.