SynthesisHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2013
Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in prisons and other closed settings: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 23 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 23 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Best practice guidelines for viral hepatitis service delivery in prisons.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions to reduce harms related to drug use among people who experience incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2024Pooled it
- Mental and physical health morbidity among people in prisons: an umbrella review.The Lancet. Public health · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of supported accommodation on health and criminal justice outcomes of people released from prison: a systematic literature review.Harm reduction journal · 2023Pooled it
- Stroke in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence and case-fatality rates.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2023Pooled it
- Epidemiology of injecting drug use, prevalence of injecting-related harm, and exposure to behavioural and environmental risks among people who inject drugs: a systematic review.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Pooled it
- Hepatitis C prevalence in incarcerated settings between 2013-2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence of mental health conditions in healthcare workers during and after a pandemic: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of advanced nursing · 2022Pooled it
- Stroke in India: A systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, and case fatality.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2022Pooled it
- The Impact of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder on Hepatitis C Incidence Among Incarcerated Persons: A Systematic Review.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence and high risk behaviours associated with HCV testing among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs in Iran.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Hepatitis B and C prevalence and incidence in key population groups with multiple risk factors in the EU/EEA: a systematic review.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Pooled it
- The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Central Asia: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regression analyses.Scientific reports · 2019Pooled it
- Safer tattooing interventions in prisons: a systematic review and call to action.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2018Pooled it
- Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review.The Lancet. Global health · 2017Pooled it
- Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- The prevalence of hepatitis C among healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Hepatitis C in key populations in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of public health · 2015Pooled it
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledPeople detained in prisons and other closed settings are at elevated risk of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of determining the rate of incident HCV infection and the prevalence of anti-HCV among detainees in closed settings. We systematically searched databases of peer-reviewed literature and widely distributed a call for unpublished data. We calculated summary estimates of incidence and prevalence among general population detainees and detainees with a history of injection drug use (IDU), and explored heterogeneity through stratification and meta-regression. The summary prevalence estimates were used to estimate the number of anti-HCV positive prisoners globally. HCV incidence among general detainees was 1.4 per 100 person-years (py; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1, 2.7; k = 4), and 16.4 per 100 py (95% CI: 0.8, 32.1; k = 3) among detainees with a history of IDU. The summary prevalence estimate of anti-HCV in general detainees was 26% (95% CI: 23%, 29%; k = 93), and in detainees with a history of IDU, 64% (95% CI: 58%, 70%; k = 51). The regions of highest prevalence were Central Asia (38%; 95% CI 32%, 43%; k = 1) and Australasia (35%; 95% CI: 28%, 43%; k = 9). We estimate that 2.2 million (range: 1.4-2.9 million) detainees globally are anti-HCV positive, with the largest populations in North America (668,500; range: 553,500-784,000) and East and Southeast Asia (638,000; range: 332,000-970,000).
conclusionHCV is a significant concern in detained populations, with one in four detainees anti-HCV-positive. Epidemiological data on the extent of HCV infection in detained populations is lacking in many countries. Greater attention towards prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCV infection among detained populations is urgently required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.