ReviewImmunologic research2013
The immunology of Leishmania/HIV co-infection.
Review in Immunologic research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors for adverse prognosis and death in American visceral leishmaniasis: a meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- CoReGRN: a context-aware post-processing framework for gene regulatory network inference revealing regulatory signatures in HIV-Leishmaniasis.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Revisiting visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: Ongoing gaps and advances in diagnostics, therapies, and preventive measures.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Different Sequential Renal Involvement in a Patient With HIV and Hepatitis C: From HIV- or Leishmaniasis-Related Collapsing Glomerulosclerosis to Direct-Acting Antivirals' Renal Amyloidosis.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Concomitant immunity in persistent Leishmania infections: could it represent an evolutionary balance and a vaccine target?Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Impact of age and immune status on the accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- T-cell activation and senescence in asymptomatic HIV/Leishmania infantum co-infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Insights to the HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis clinical outcome: lessons learned about immune mediated disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Leishmania Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in a Southern Province of Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Severe COVID-19 in HIV/Leishmania infantum coinfected patient: a successfully managed case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Serological Screening and Risk Factors Associated withMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Persistent T cell unresponsiveness associated with chronic visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-coinfected patients.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among pregnant women in Jahrom city in Fars province, southern Iran.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2024Article
- The development and maintenance of immunity against visceral leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- HIV and Mediterranean Zoonoses: A Review of the Literature.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Mucocutaneous manifestations and their relationship with CD4 T-lymphocyte count in hospitalized patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Medellín, ColombiaBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2022Article
- Protozoan co-infections and parasite influence on the efficacy of vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Healed Lesions of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused ByFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Leishmaniases are emerging as an important disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons living in several sub-tropical and tropical regions around the world, including the Mediterranean. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is spreading at an alarming rate in Africa and the Indian subcontinent, areas with very high prevalence of leishmaniases. The spread of HIV into rural areas and the concomitant spread of leishmaniases to suburban/urban areas have helped maintain the occurrence of Leishmania/HIV co-infection in many parts of the world. The number of cases of Leishmania/HIV co-infection is expected to rise owing to the overlapping geographical distribution of the two infections. In Southwestern Europe, there is also an increasing incidence of Leishmania/HIV co-infection (particularly visceral leishmaniasis) in such countries as France, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Studies suggest that in humans, very complex mechanisms involving dysregulation of host immune responses contribute to Leishmania-mediated immune activation and pathogenesis of HIV. In addition, both HIV-1 and Leishmania infect and multiply within cells of myeloid or lymphoid origin, thereby presenting a perfect recipe for reciprocal modulation of Leishmania and HIV-1-related disease pathogenesis. Importantly, because recovery from leishmaniases is associated with long-term persistence of parasites at the primary infection sites and their draining lymph nodes, there is very real possibility that HIV-mediated immunosuppression (due to CD4(+) T cell depletion) could lead to reactivation of latent infections (reactivation leishmaniasis) in immunocompromised patients. Here, we present an overview of the immunopathogenesis of Leishmania/HIV co-infection and the implications of this interaction on Leishmania and HIV disease outcome.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.