ArticleNeuropsychologia2013
Cognitive reserve moderates the association between hippocampal volume and episodic memory in middle age.
Article in Neuropsychologia, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive reserve, frailty status, and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: a prospective cohort study.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Identifying longitudinal cognitive resilience from cross-sectional amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Rostral-middle locus coeruleus integrity and subjective cognitive decline in early old age.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Improved connectivity and cognition due to cognitive stimulation in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Paradoxical cognitive trajectories in men from earlier to later adulthood.Neurobiology of aging · 2022Article
- Midlife occupational cognitive requirements protect cognitive function in old age by increasing cognitive reserve.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Cognitive Reserve and Related Constructs: A Unified Framework Across Cognitive and Brain Dimensions of Aging.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Decreased myelin content of the fornix predicts poorer memory performance beyond vascular risk, hippocampal volume, and fractional anisotropy in nondemented older adults.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Article
- Verbal intelligence is a more robust cross-sectional measure of cognitive reserve than level of education in healthy older adults.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Article
- Sex-specific signatures of intrinsic hippocampal networks and regional integrity underlying cognitive status in multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2021Article
- Female mice with apolipoprotein E4 domain interaction demonstrated impairments in spatial learning and memory performance and disruption of hippocampal cyto-architecture.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2019Article
- Underdiagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: A consequence of ignoring practice effects.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2018Article
- Primary School Education May Be Sufficient to Moderate a Memory-Hippocampal Relationship.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- Educational Attainment Moderates the Association Between Hippocampal Volumes and Memory Performances in Healthy Older Adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades.Developmental psychology · 2017Article
- Cognitive reserve and cortical thickness in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.Brain imaging and behavior · 2017Article
- Static and Dynamic Cognitive Reserve Proxy Measures: Interactions with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology and Cognition.Journal of Alzheimer's disease & Parkinsonism · 2017Article
- The Role of Retinal Carotenoids and Age on Neuroelectric Indices of Attentional Control among Early to Middle-Aged Adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2017Article
- Context Memory Decline in Middle Aged Adults is Related to Changes in Prefrontal Cortex Function.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
Cognitive reserve is hypothesized to help people withstand greater brain pathology without manifesting clinical symptoms, and may be regarded as a preventive factor of dementia. It is unclear whether the effect of cognitive reserve is evident only among the older adults or after conversion to dementia, or if it can also be seen earlier in life before the prominent effects of cognitive aging become apparent. While finding a main effect of cognitive reserve on cognitive outcome may be consistent with the reserve hypothesis, in our view, it is unnecessary to invoke the idea of reserve if only a main effect is present. Rather, it is the interaction between a measure of reserve and a brain measure on cognitive outcome that is key for confirming that the effects of brain pathology affect people differently according to their cognitive reserve. We studied whether general cognitive ability at an average age of 20 years, as a direct measure of cognitive reserve, moderates the association between hippocampal volume and episodic memory performance in 494 middle-aged men ages 51 to 60. Whereas there was no statistically significant direct relationship between hippocampal volume and episodic memory performance in middle age, we found a statistically significant interaction such that there was a positive association between hippocampal volume and episodic memory only among people with lower general cognitive ability at age 20, i.e., lower levels of cognitive reserve. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that cognitive reserve moderates the relationship between brain structure and cognition in middle age, well before the onset of dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.