Trial reportBMC public health2013
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of electronic cigarettes versus nicotine patch for smoking cessation.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02422914 (Benefits of Tobacco Free Cigarette Among Heavy Smokers Undergoing a Lung Cancer Screening Program), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Benefits of Tobacco Free Cigarette Among Heavy Smokers Undergoing a Lung Cancer Screening Program: a Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Is there a role for e-cigarettes in smoking cessation?Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease · 2016Pooled it
- Consideration of sex in clinical trials of transdermal nicotine patch: a systematic review.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2014Pooled it
- Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2014Pooled it
- A Naturalistic, Randomized Pilot Trial of E-Cigarettes: Uptake, Exposure, and Behavioral Effects.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Trial
- An Open Trial of Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among Methadone-Maintained Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Effectiveness of the electronic cigarette: An eight-week Flemish study with six-month follow-up on smoking reduction, craving and experienced benefits and complaints.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Trial
- Reviewing the oral carcinogenic potential of E-cigarettes using the Bradford Hill criteria of causation.Translational cancer research · 2020Review
- Does E-cigarette Use at Baseline Influence Smoking Cessation Rates among 2-Year College Students?Journal of smoking cessation · 2018Article
- Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner.Thorax · 2016Article
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems [ENDS]) are electrically powered devices generally similar in appearance to a cigarette that deliver a propylene glycol and/or glycerol mist to the airway of users when drawing on the mouthpiece. Nicotine and other substances such as flavourings may be included in the fluid vaporised by the device. People report using e-cigarettes to help quit smoking and studies of their effects on tobacco withdrawal and craving suggest good potential as smoking cessation aids. However, to date there have been no adequately powered randomised trials investigating their cessation efficacy or safety. This paper outlines the protocol for this study. METHODS/
design
designParallel group, 3-arm, randomised controlled trial.
participantsPeople aged ≥18 years resident in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) who want to quit smoking.
interventionStratified blocked randomisation to allocate participants to either Elusion™ e-cigarettes with nicotine cartridges (16 mg) or with placebo cartridges (i.e. no nicotine), or to nicotine patch (21 mg) alone. PARTICIPANTS randomised to the e-cigarette groups will be told to use them ad libitum for one week before and 12 weeks after quit day, while participants randomised to patches will be told to use them daily for the same period. All participants will be offered behavioural support to quit from the NZ Quitline. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Biochemically verified (exhaled carbon monoxide) continuous abstinence at six months after quit day. SAMPLE SIZE: 657 people (292 in both the nicotine e-cigarette and nicotine patch groups and 73 in the placebo e-cigarettes group) will provide 80% power at p = 0.05 to detect an absolute difference of 10% in abstinence between the nicotine e-cigarette and nicotine patch groups, and 15% between the nicotine and placebo e-cigarette groups. DISCUSSION: This trial will inform international debate and policy on the regulation and availability of e-cigarettes. If shown to be efficacious and safe, these devices could help many smokers as an alternative smoking cessation aid to standard nicotine products.
trial registrationAustralian NZ Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12610000866000).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.