ArticleStatistics in medicine2013
Are gestational age, birth weight, and birth length indicators of favorable fetal growth conditions? A structural equation analysis of Filipino infants.
Article in Statistics in medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Longitudinal Growth, Nutritional Status, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Early Childhood in Leyte, the Philippines.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Partitioning genetic effects on birthweight at classical human leukocyte antigen loci into maternal and fetal components, using structural equation modelling.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Improved estimates of foetal growth are associated with perinatal outcomes: A latent modelling approach in a population-based birth cohort.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Article
- Metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances mixtures and birth outcomes in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study: Beyond single-class mixture approaches.Chemosphere · 2023Article
- Improving birth weight measurement and recording practices in Kenya and Tanzania: a prospective intervention study with historical controls.Population health metrics · 2023Article
- Effects of Nutritional and Social Factors on Favorable Fetal Growth Conditions Using Structural Equation Modeling.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Prenatal Risk Predicts Preschooler Executive Function: A Cascade Model.Child development · 2020Article
- Adverse Birth Outcomes as Indicators of Poor Fetal Growth Conditions in a French Newborn Population-A Stratified Analysis by Neighborhood Deprivation Level.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Restricted, Repetitive, and Reciprocal Social Behavior in Toddlers Born Small for Gestation Duration.The Journal of pediatrics · 2018Article
- Sex-specific associations of maternal birthweight with offspring birthweight in the Omega study.Annals of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Gestational weight gain and obesity, adiposity and body size in African-American and Dominican children in the Bronx and Northern Manhattan.Maternal & child nutrition · 2016Article
- Article
- Birth Weight, Birth Length, and Gestational Age as Indicators of Favorable Fetal Growth Conditions in a US Sample.PloS one · 2016Article
- Impact of exercise during pregnancy on gestational weight gain and birth weight: an overview.Brazilian journal of physical therapyReview
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The fetal origins hypothesis emphasizes the life-long health impacts of prenatal conditions. Birth weight, birth length, and gestational age are indicators of the fetal environment. However, these variables often have missing data and are subject to random and systematic errors caused by delays in measurement, differences in measurement instruments, and human error. With data from the Cebu (Philippines) Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, we use structural equation models, to explore random and systematic errors in these birth outcome measures, to analyze how maternal characteristics relate to birth outcomes, and to take account of missing data. We assess whether birth weight, birth length, and gestational age are influenced by a single latent variable that we call favorable fetal growth conditions (FFGC) and if so, which variable is most closely related to FFGC. We find that a model with FFGC as a latent variable fits as well as a less parsimonious model that has birth weight, birth length, and gestational age as distinct individual variables. We also demonstrate that birth weight is more reliably measured than is gestational age. FFGCs were significantly influenced by taller maternal stature, better nutritional stores indexed by maternal arm fat and muscle area during pregnancy, higher birth order, avoidance of smoking, and maternal age 20-35 years. Effects of maternal characteristics on newborn weight, length, and gestational age were largely indirect, operating through FFGC.
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