ArticleDiabetologia2013
Fasting and meal-stimulated residual beta cell function is positively associated with serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and negatively associated with anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in patients with longer term type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetologia, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fasting as a Multisystem Health Modulator: A Narrative Review of Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Immune, Neurocognitive, and Psychospiritual Effects.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Proximity extension assay inflammatory profiling cannot distinguish the presence of residual C-peptide in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Plasma cytokines during pregnancy provide insight into the risk of diabetes in the gestational diabetes risk group.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Anemia is inversely associated with serum C-peptide concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Medicine · 2018Observational
- New Approaches to the Immunotherapy of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Interleukin-27.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2015Article
- Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease.International journal of oral science · 2015Review
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediated the increased contraction of distal colon in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats via IL-6 receptor pathway.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2015Article
- Plasma concentrations of soluble IL-2 receptor α (CD25) are increased in type 1 diabetes and associated with reduced C-peptide levels in young patients.Diabetologia · 2014Article
- The systemic immune network in recent onset type 1 diabetes: central role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIATOR Trial).PloS one · 2013Article
- l-Citrulline Protects from Kidney Damage in Type 1 Diabetic Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisCytokines may promote or inhibit disease progression in type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether systemic proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines associated differently with fasting and meal-stimulated beta cell function in patients with longer term type 1 diabetes.
methodsThe beta cell function of 118 patients with type 1 diabetes of duration of 0.75-4.97 years was tested using a standardised liquid mixed meal test (MMT). Serum samples obtained at -5 to 120 min were analysed by multiplex bead-based technology for proinflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA]) and regulatory (IL-10, TGF-β1-3) cytokines, and by standard procedures for C-peptide. Differences in beta cell function between patient groups were assessed using stepwise multiple regression analysis adjusting for sex, age, duration of diabetes, BMI, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose.
resultsHigh fasting systemic concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with increased fasting and stimulated C-peptide concentrations even after adjustment for confounders (p < 0.03). Interestingly, increased concentrations of anti-inflammatory/regulatory IL-1RA, IL-10, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were associated with lower fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels (p < 0.04), losing significance on adjustment for anthropometric variables. During the MMT, circulating concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α increased (p < 0.001) while those of IL-10 and TGF-β1 decreased (p < 0.02) and IL-1RA and TGF-β2 remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe association between better preserved beta cell function in longer term type 1 diabetes and increased systemic proinflammatory cytokines and decreased anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines is suggestive of ongoing inflammatory disease activity that might be perpetuated by the remaining beta cells. These findings should be considered when designing immune intervention studies aimed at patients with longer term type 1 diabetes and residual beta cell function.
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