Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2013
The phenotype of the Cryptococcus-specific CD4+ memory T-cell response is associated with disease severity and outcome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differences in Immunologic Factors Among Patients Presenting with Altered Mental Status During Cryptococcal Meningitis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles predict risk of early mortality and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.PLoS pathogens · 2015Trial
- Efficient phagocytosis and laccase activity affect the outcome of HIV-associated cryptococcosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2014Trial
- New approaches for cryptococcosis treatment and prevention-a systematic review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Investigation of human leukocyte antigen alleles as risk factors for cryptococcal disease in Ugandan individuals with HIV.Human immunology · 2026Article
- Contribution of fungal diseases to the U.S. chronic disease burden.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Assessing Statistical Methods for Estimating the Cerebrospinal Fluid Early Fungicidal Activity as an Endpoint for Cryptococcal Meningitis Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Simulation Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Secondary fungal infections in severe acute viral diseases: clinical features and underlying immune mechanisms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Review of Risk Factors and Factors Influencing Outcomes of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Persons Living with HIV.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Advances in cryptococcal infections-associated immunopathology and potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The Pain Is in the Brain With the Sugar-Coated Killer.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Mononuclear Cell Phenotype and Activation Predictors of 2-Week and 1-Year Survival Among Persons With HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation in fungal infections: from pathogen recognition to pathological manifestations.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Foxp3Research square · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood CD4The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- Ex Vivo Host Transcriptomics During Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, and Candida albicans Infection of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From South African Volunteers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Research progress on immunometabolism and gut microbiota in cryptococcal meningitis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- State of the Field: Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical importance of cerebrospinal fluid protein levels in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Insights from a prospective cohort study in Uganda.Medical mycology · 2024Article
- Protection against experimental cryptococcosis elicited by Cationic Adjuvant Formulation 01-adjuvanted subunit vaccines.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCorrelates of immune protection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis are poorly defined. A clearer understanding of these immune responses is essential to inform rational development of immunotherapies.
methodsCryptococcal-specific peripheral CD4(+) T-cell responses were measured in 44 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis at baseline and during follow-up. Responses were assessed following ex vivo cryptococcal mannoprotein stimulation, using 13-color flow-cytometry. The relationships between cryptococcal-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses, clinical parameters at presentation, and outcome were investigated.
resultsCryptococcal-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses were characterized by the production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Conversely, minimal interleukin 4 and interleukin 17 production was detected. Patients surviving to 2 weeks had significantly different functional CD4(+) T-cell responses as compared to those who died. Patients with a response predominantly consisting of IFN-γ or TNF-α production had a 2-week mortality of 0% (0/20), compared with 25% (6/24) in those without this response (P = .025). Such patients also had lower fungal burdens (10 400 vs 390 000 colony-forming units/mL; P < .001), higher cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte counts (122 vs 8 cells/μL; P < .001), and a trend toward faster rates of clearance of infection.
conclusionsThe phenotype of the peripheral CD4(+) T-cell response to Cryptococcus was associated with disease severity and outcome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. IFN-γ/TNF-α-predominant responses were associated with survival.
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