ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2013
Sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, and fructose, their metabolism and potential health effects: what do we really know?
Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fructose-containing food sources and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Has a Dose-Dependent Effect on the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Metabolic Characterization of Meat, Fish, and Soda Intake in Males: Secondary Results from a Randomized Inpatient Pilot Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Trial
- Active Acupoints Differ from Inactive Acupoints in Modulating Key Plasmatic Metabolites of Hypertension: A Targeted Metabolomics Study.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Fructose containing sugars do not raise blood pressure or uric acid at normal levels of human consumption.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, e-selectin and C-reactive protein levels in response to 4-week very-high-fructose or -glucose diets.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- High daily fructose intake and late-evening fruit consumption are associated with ultrasonographically assessed hepatic steatosis in family medicine outpatients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- High-Fructose Corn Syrup on Inflammation and Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2025Review
- High-Fructose-Induced Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: The Potential Benefit of SGLT4 or SGLT5 Modulation.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Elucidating neural molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders-induced neuropsychiatric disorders in mice on prolonged high fructose diet.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Beneficial Role of Resveratrol in Fructose-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis with a Focus on the AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Axis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Association of sugary beverages consumption with liver fat content and fibro-inflammation: a large cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The Impact of the High-Fructose Corn Syrup on Cardiac Damage via SIRT1/PGC1-α Pathway: Potential Ameliorative Effect of Selenium.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Review
- Regulation of Fructose Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Characterization of gluten-free cupcakes without sucrose based on defatted soybean flour and monk fruit.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Management of metabolic syndrome by nutraceuticals prepared from chitosan and ferulic acid with or without beta-sitosterol and their nanoforms.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effects of Natural Alternative Sweeteners on Metabolic Diseases.Clinical nutrition research · 2023Review
- Strategies for Producing Low FODMAPs Foodstuffs: Challenges and Perspectives.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Both controversy and confusion exist concerning fructose, sucrose, and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) with respect to their metabolism and health effects. These concerns have often been fueled by speculation based on limited data or animal studies. In retrospect, recent controversies arose when a scientific commentary was published suggesting a possible unique link between HFCS consumption and obesity. Since then, a broad scientific consensus has emerged that there are no metabolic or endocrine response differences between HFCS and sucrose related to obesity or any other adverse health outcome. This equivalence is not surprising given that both of these sugars contain approximately equal amounts of fructose and glucose, contain the same number of calories, possess the same level of sweetness, and are absorbed identically through the gastrointestinal tract. Research comparing pure fructose with pure glucose, although interesting from a scientific point of view, has limited application to human nutrition given that neither is consumed to an appreciable degree in isolation in the human diet. Whether there is a link between fructose, HFCS, or sucrose and increased risk of heart disease, metabolic syndrome, or fatty infiltration of the liver or muscle remains in dispute with different studies using different methodologies arriving at different conclusions. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to resolve many of these issues. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge about the metabolism, endocrine responses, and potential health effects of sucrose, HFCS, and fructose.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.