ArticleJournal of human kinetics2012
The effect of aquatic intervention on the gross motor function and aquatic skills in children with cerebral palsy.
Article in Journal of human kinetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04770298 (The Effectiveness of the Bobath Neurodevelopmental Treatment and Halliwick Concept Hydrotherapy in the Treatment of Children With Cerebral Palsy.), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of the Bobath Neurodevelopmental Treatment and Halliwick Concept Hydrotherapy in the Treatment of Children With Cerebral Palsy.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The effects of hydrotherapy on athletic ability in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Comparison of Aquatic Therapy vs. Dry Land Therapy to Improve Mobility of Chronic Stroke Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Balance, Motor Function and Neuromuscular Performance in Children and Young Adults with Disabilities: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cross-cultural adaptation of the Spanish version of the Swimming with Independent Measure (SWIM).BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effects of swimming intervention on motor competence and dynamic balance in children at risk for developmental coordination disorder: a pre-post intervention study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Effects of sport and physical recreation on health-related outcomes among children and young people with physical disability: systematic review with meta-analysis.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- The effects of aquatic and land-based interventions on children with developmental coordination disorder.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Aquatic Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Feasibility of Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) as a Framework for Aquatic Activities: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Impact of Swimming on Fundamental Movement Skill Development in Children (3-11 Years): A Systematic Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Physical activity in infancy and early childhood: a narrative review of interventions for prevention of obesity and associated health outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The Effect of Halliwick Method on Aquatic Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Water-Based and Land-Based Exercise for Children with Post-COVID-19 Condition (postCOVIDkids)-Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Alternative exercise methods for children with cerebral palsy: effects of virtual vs. traditional golf training.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2022Article
- Effect of a 10-Week Aquatic Exercise Training Program on Gross Motor Function in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Global pediatric health · 2019Article
- Complementary and alternative medicine for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies: characteristics of users and caregivers.Pediatric neurology · 2014Article
- THE EFFECT OF ADAPTED SPORTS IN QUALITY OF LIFE AND BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao PauloArticle
- Staying Afloat: A Scoping Review of the Literature on Adapted Swim Instruction.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy AssociationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an aquatic intervention on the gross motor function and aquatic skills of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Twenty-nine children with CP, aged 5 to 14, were recruited. Fourteen children completed an aquatic intervention (EG), and 13 children served as controls (CG). Two participants dropped out due to events (illness) unrelated to the intervention. The aquatic intervention lasted 6 weeks (2 sessions per week at 55 minutes per session) with a follow-up period of 3 weeks. The outcome measures were the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) for motor function and the Water Orientation Test Alyn 2 (WOTA 2) for aquatic skills assessment. A significant improvement was observed in the secondary assessment of GMFM and WOTA 2. In contrast to the aquatic skills improvement, the GMFM change was not maintained at follow-up. Our results indicate that children with CP can improve gross motor function on dry land and aquatic skills with a 6-week water intervention. The intervention period was too short for sustainable improvement in dry-land motor skills after intervention (follow-up), but time was sufficient to achieve sustainable improvements in aquatic skills.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.