Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23485014›Full record

Trial reportBiological psychiatry2013

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces nicotine cue craving.

Xingbao Li, Karen J Hartwell, Max Owens, Todd Lematty, Jeffrey J Borckardt, Colleen A Hanlon, Kathleen T Brady, Mark S George

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Biological psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 100 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02401672 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Developing rTMS as a Potential Treatment for Nicotine Addiction

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of South CarolinaRan2014 to 2018Enrolled42ConditionsNicotine DependenceArmsTranscranial magnetic stimulation
NCT02665338 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Repetitive TMS Modulates Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal-Ventral Medial Prefrontal Pathway to Decrease Craving in Smokers

TypeinterventionalSponsorXingbao LiRan2014 to 2015Enrolled11ConditionsNicotine DependenceArmsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation
NCT03419741 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation For Smoking Cessation In Cancer Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of South CarolinaRan2017 to 2020Enrolled11ConditionsCancer of Head and Neck, Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Nicotine DependenceArmsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation Clinical Research System
NCT04903028 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

RTMS Manipulates Imbalanced Drive-reward and Executive Control Circuitry for Smoking Cessation

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of South CarolinaRan2021 to 2027Enrolled64ConditionsTobacco Use, Cigarette SmokingArmsSham rTMS, Active rTMS 10 Hz DLPFC
NCT07050862 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Circuity-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Tobacco Use in Veterans: A Comparison of Insula-rTMS and Prefrontal-rTMS

TypeinterventionalSponsorVA Office of Research and DevelopmentRan2026 to 2030Enrolled56ConditionsTabacco Use Disorder, rTMSArmsTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation, Personalized-image-guided and E-field-modeling dose rTMS (precision TMS)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuromodulation therapies for substance use disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
    Pooled it
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  4. A Systematic Review of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Opioid Use Disorder.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2020
    Pooled it
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  7. Comparing neuromodulation targets to reduce cigarette craving and withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
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40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xingbao LiMedical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. lixi@musc.edu
Karen J Hartwell
Max Owens
Todd Lematty
Jeffrey J Borckardt
Colleen A Hanlon
Kathleen T Brady
Mark S George

Funding

Cortical Inhibition and Corpus Callosum Integrity in Cocaine UsersK01DA027756 · NIDA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI HANLON, COLLEEN A · 2010 to 2014
$801k
The Impact of Real-time fMRI Feedback on Response to Nicotine CuesR21DA026085 · NIDA · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI BRADY, KATHLEEN T., GEORGE, MARK S · 2008 to 2009
$503k
NIDA NIH HHS 5R21DA026085NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA027756NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA026085
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can noninvasively stimulate the brain and transiently amplify or block behaviors mediated through a region. We hypothesized that a single high-frequency rTMS session over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would reduce cue craving for cigarettes compared with a sham TMS session.

methodsSixteen non-treatment-seeking, nicotine-dependent participants were randomized to receive either real high-frequency rTMS (10 Hz, 100% resting motor threshold, 5-sec on, 10-sec off for 15 min; 3000 pulses) or active sham (eSham) TMS over the DLPFC in two visits with 1 week between visits. The participants received cue exposure before and after rTMS and rated their craving after each block of cue presentation.

resultsStimulation of the left DLFPC with real, but not sham, rTMS reduced craving significantly from baseline (64.1±5.9 vs. 45.7±6.4, t = 2.69, p = .018). When compared with neutral cue craving, the effect of real TMS on cue craving was significantly greater than the effect of sham TMS (12.5±10.4 vs. -9.1±10.4; t = 2.07, p = .049). More decreases in subjective craving induced by TMS correlated positively with higher Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score (r = .58, p = .031) and more cigarettes smoked per day (r = .57, p = .035).

conclusionsOne session of high-frequency rTMS (10 Hz) of the left DLPFC significantly reduced subjective craving induced by smoking cues in nicotine-dependent participants. Additional studies are needed to explore rTMS as an aid to smoking cessation.

Indexed as

CuesTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAdultBehavior, AddictiveDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrefrontal CortexSmoking CessationTobacco Use Disorder

Identifiers

PMID23485014
PMCPMC3615051

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.