ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2013
Direct modulation of microtubule stability contributes to anthracene general anesthesia.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Local anesthetic lidocaine decelerates cytoplasmic streaming inPlant signaling & behavior · 2026Article
- Synchronized Chromatin Reorganization as a Key Biomarker in Anesthetic Effects on Plants.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Cellular and Microcircuit Mechanisms of Anesthetic Disruption of Conscious-State Organization.Cells · 2026Review
- Biophysical insights into a cryptic ligand site in the hydrophobic core of human PCNA.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Microtubule-modulating drugs alter sensitivity to isoflurane in mice.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Conscious active inference II: Quantum orchestrated objective reduction among intraneuronal microtubules naturally accounts for discrete perceptual cycles.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- The quantum-classical complexity of consciousness and orchestrated objective reduction.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Macroscopic quantum effects in the brain: new insights into the fundamental principle underlying conscious processes.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Touch, light, wounding: how anaesthetics affect plant sensing abilities.Plant cell reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Consciousness, Cognition and the Neuronal Cytoskeleton - A New Paradigm Needed in Neuroscience.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Substrate-Dependent Modulation of SIRT2 by a Fluorescent Probe, 1-Aminoanthracene.Biochemistry · 2020Article
- The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate.Current biology : CB · 2019Review
- The finer scale of consciousness: quantum theory.Annals of translational medicine · 2019Review
- Bundles of Brain Microtubules Generate Electrical Oscillations.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Fluorescent Anesthetics.Methods in enzymology · 2018Article
- Recent progress on the molecular pharmacology of propofol.F1000Research · 2018Review
- Anesthetic Alterations of Collective Terahertz Oscillations in Tubulin Correlate with Clinical Potency: Implications for Anesthetic Action and Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recently, we identified 1-aminoanthracene as a fluorescent general anesthetic. To investigate the mechanism of action, a photoactive analogue, 1-azidoanthracene, was synthesized. Administration of 1-azidoanthracene to albino stage 40-47 tadpoles was found to immobilize animals upon near-UV irradiation of the forebrain region. The immobilization was often reversible, but it was characterized by a longer duration consistent with covalent attachment of the ligand to functionally important targets. IEF/SDS-PAGE examination of irradiated tadpole brain homogenate revealed labeled protein, identified by mass spectrometry as β-tubulin. In vitro assays with aminoanthracene-cross-linked tubulin indicated inhibition of microtubule polymerization, similar to colchicine. Tandem mass spectrometry confirmed anthracene binding near the colchicine site. Stage 40-47 tadpoles were also incubated 1 h with microtubule stabilizing agents, epothilone D or discodermolide, followed by dosing with 1-aminoanthracene. The effective concentration of 1-aminoanthracene required to immobilize the tadpoles was significantly increased in the presence of either microtubule stabilizing agent. Epothilone D similarly mitigated the effects of a clinical neurosteroid general anesthetic, allopregnanolone, believed to occupy the colchicine site in tubulin. We conclude that neuronal microtubules are "on-pathway" targets for anthracene general anesthetics and may also represent functional targets for some neurosteroid general anesthetics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.