ArticleFrontiers in neurology2013
Multiple sclerosis, relapses, and the mechanism of action of adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Results from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of repository corticotropin injection for multiple sclerosis relapse that did not adequately respond to corticosteroids.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Trial
- A familial case of FLAD1 protein deficiency associated with impaired adrenal steroidogenesis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Acthar Gel treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or dermatomyositis/polymyositis: analysis of physician-reported charts.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Corticosteroid-Refractory Multiple Sclerosis Relapses: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Integration into Clinical Practice.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Review
- Corticosteroid Use and Adherence in Patients Treated with Acthar Gel for Advanced Sarcoidosis.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Repository Corticotropin Injection for the Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Narrative Review.Pulmonary therapy · 2022Review
- Review
- A Simple Computational Approach to Identify Potential Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis and Cognitive Disorders from Expert Curated Resources.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Cosyntropin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Treatment with Repository Corticotropin Injection in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2020Article
- The Importance of Melanocortin Receptors and Their Agonists in Pulmonary Disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2019Review
- Treatment of the First Acute Relapse Following Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Formerly Glucocorticosteroid-Unresponsive Multiple Sclerosis Patients-A Multicenter Study to Evaluate Glucocorticosteroid Responsiveness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Old drugs with new skills: fenoprofen as an allosteric enhancer at melanocortin receptor 3.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2017Article
- Healthcare Costs and Resource Utilization in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Relapses Treated with H.P. Acthar Gel(®).Advances in therapy · 2016Article
- H.P. Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin injection) treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis and diabetes.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2016Article
- Circadian Clocks, Stress, and Immunity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2016Review
- [Immunotherapy and infectious issues in multiple sclerosis. Self-injectable and oral drugs for immunotherapy].Der Nervenarzt · 2015Article
- Treatment of Sarcoidosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) are disruptive and frequently disabling for patients, and their treatment is often a challenge to clinicians. Despite progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of MS and development of new treatments for long-term management of MS, options for treating relapses have not changed substantially over the past few decades. Corticosteroids, a component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation, are currently the mainstay of relapse treatment. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) gel is another treatment option. Although it has long been assumed that the efficacy of ACTH in treating relapses depends on the peptide's ability to increase endogenous corticosteroid production, evidence from research on the melanocortin system suggests that steroidogenesis may only partly account for ACTH influences. Indeed, the melanocortin peptides [ACTH and α-, β-, γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH)] and their receptors (Melanocortin receptors, MCRs) exert multiple actions, including modulation of inflammatory and immune mediator production. MCRs are widely distributed within the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues including immune cells (e.g., macrophages). This suggests that the mechanism of action of ACTH includes not only steroid-mediated indirect effects, but also direct anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions via the melanocortin system. An increased understanding of the role of the melanocortin system, particularly ACTH, in the immune and inflammatory processes underlying relapses may help to improve relapse management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.